FAKTOR PREDIKTIF SINDROM METABOLIK TERHADAP PENURUNAN KEKUATAN GENGGAMAN OTOT TANGAN: STUDI DI TIGA KELURAHAN DKI JAKARTA
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Abstract
Pendahuluan: Sindrom metabolik merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global yang berkaitan erat dengan penurunan kekuatan otot, termasuk kekuatan genggaman tangan, yang dapat menjadi prediktor dini disabilitas, morbiditas, dan mortalitas. Namun, penelitian di Indonesia mengenai hubungan faktor metabolik dengan kekuatan otot masih terbatas. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain observasional potong lintang multisenter di tiga kelurahan DKI Jakarta dengan consecutive sampling terhadap 240 responden dewasa. Data antropometri, biomarker darah, dan kekuatan genggaman tangan diukur, lalu dianalisis dengan regresi linear berganda menggunakan pendekatan Backward Likelihood Ratio (Backward LR) dengan signifikansi p<0,05 Hasil: Rerata usia responden adalah 51,28 tahun dengan kekuatan genggaman tangan gabungan 22,01 kg. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa usia berhubungan negatif signifikan dengan kekuatan otot (p<0,001), sedangkan hemoglobin berhubungan positif signifikan (p≈0,001–0,002). Sebaliknya, HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) (p≈0,001–0,002) dan gula darah puasa (p≈0,014–0,041) berhubungan negatif signifikan. WHR (Waist-Hip Ratio) juga terbukti signifikan pada model akhir (p≈0,006–0,023). Model terbaik (Model 3–6) menunjukkan adjusted R² sebesar 0,333–0,337, artinya sekitar 33% variasi kekuatan genggaman tangan dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel tersebut. Kesimpulan: Kekuatan genggaman tangan masyarakat Jakarta dipengaruhi oleh usia, hemoglobin, HDL, WHR, dan gula darah puasa. Faktor metabolik terbukti berperan penting terhadap fungsi muskuloskeletal, sehingga pemeriksaan kekuatan genggaman tangan dapat dijadikan skrining sederhana dalam deteksi dini risiko penurunan fungsi otot dan intervensi preventif.
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