EVALUATING THE PREDICTIVE ACCURACY OF 4-SITE FAT CALIPER MEASUREMENTS TOTAL BODY FAT AND VISCERAL FAT ESTIMATION
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Pendahuluan: Penilaian komposisi tubuh, khususnya lemak total dan visceral, sangat penting dalam menentukan risiko kesehatan. Lemak visceral berhubungan erat dengan masalah metabolik dan penyakit kardiovaskular, tetapi pengukurannya sering memerlukan teknik pencitraan yang mahal seperti CT atau MRI. Metode kaliper lemak 4-titik merupakan alat sederhana dan hemat biaya untuk menilai lemak tubuh total, namun efektivitasnya dalam memprediksi lemak visceral masih belum diketahui. Studi ini membandingkan estimasi metode kaliper 4-titik dengan teknik pencitraan standar emas untuk menilai akurasi prediktifnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi reproduksibilitas pengukuran berbasis kaliper terhadap lemak total dan visceral serta memberikan wawasan tentang penggunaannya dalam konteks klinis dan sumber daya terbatas. Hasil penelitian ini akan membantu praktisi dalam menerapkan teknik yang realistis untuk evaluasi kesehatan yang efektif. Metode: Studi cross-sectional ini dilakukan di Krendang (November 2024) dengan melibatkan 155 orang dewasa (18–60 tahun), dengan pengecualian individu dengan penyakit kronis, kehamilan, atau data yang tidak lengkap. Hasil: Kaliper triseps dan suprailiaka secara signifikan memprediksi lemak total dan subkutan regional (p < 0,001), tetapi tidak lemak visceral (p = 0,777; p = 0,745). Kaliper suprailiaka menunjukkan hubungan marginal dengan lemak lengan (p = 0,050). Hasil ini mendukung penggunaan pengukuran lipatan kulit sebagai alat yang andal untuk estimasi lemak subkutan. Kesimpulan: Kaliper triseps dan suprailiaka secara akurat memprediksi lemak subkutan tetapi tidak lemak visceral. Temuan ini menyoroti manfaatnya dalam pengaturan dengan sumber daya terbatas untuk memantau distribusi lemak, sekaligus menekankan perlunya pencitraan canggih untuk penilaian lemak visceral yang lebih akurat.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Assessing body composition, particularly total and visceral fat, is critical for determining health risks. Visceral fat is highly associated with metabolic problems and cardiovascular diseases, but measuring it often necessitates the use of costly imaging techniques such as CT or MRI. The 4-site fat caliper method, a simple and cost-effective tool for assessing total body fat, is extensively used, although its effectiveness in predicting visceral fat is unknown. This study compares the 4-site fat caliper method's estimates to gold-standard imaging techniques to assess their predictive accuracy. The study's goal is to assess the reproducibility of caliper-derived measurements for total and visceral fat, as well as to provide insights into their use in clinical and resource-limited contexts. These findings will assist practitioners in implementing realistic techniques for conducting effective health evaluations. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in Krendang (November 2024), involved 155 adults (18–60 years), excluding those with chronic conditions, pregnancy, or incomplete data. Results: Tricep and suprailiac fat calipers significantly predicted total and regional subcutaneous fat (p < 0.001) but not visceral fat (p = 0.777; p = 0.745, respectively). Suprailiac calipers showed marginal association with arm fat (p = 0.050). These findings support skinfold measurements as reliable tools for subcutaneous fat estimation. Conclusion: Tricep and suprailiac fat calipers reliably predict subcutaneous fat but not visceral fat. These findings highlight their utility in resource-limited settings for monitoring fat distribution, while emphasizing the need for advanced imaging to assess visceral fat accurately.
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