EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: ROLE OF LEADERSHIP COMMUNICATION AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION
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Abstract
Industri farmasi menghadapi tantangan krusial dalam mempertahankan karyawan dengan keahlian tinggi, di mana kompetensi mereka secara langsung memengaruhi pengembangan produk, kepatuhan terhadap regulasi, serta proses validasi. Karena adanya persyaratan sertifikasi khusus dan keterbatasan alih pengetahuan, tingkat turnover karyawan dapat mengganggu jadwal operasional serta meningkatkan biaya perekrutan dan pelatihan ulang. Di wilayah Jabodetabek, persaingan talenta yang ketat dan tingginya mobilitas tenaga kerja semakin memperbesar risiko tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh komunikasi pemimpin dan kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap retensi karyawan, dengan kepuasan kerja terhadap pemimpin sebagai variabel mediasi. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dengan melibatkan 155 karyawan industri farmasi di Jabodetabek yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling, dan data dianalisis menggunakan PLS-SEM dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SmartPLS 4.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi pemimpin tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap retensi karyawan, namun memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung yang signifikan melalui kepuasan kerja terhadap pemimpin. Sementara itu, gaya kepemimpinan transformasional memiliki pengaruh langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap retensi karyawan, yang mengindikasikan bahwa kepemimpinan yang mampu menginspirasi, memberikan dukungan emosional, dan memotivasi karyawan berkontribusi positif terhadap niat karyawan untuk tetap bertahan dalam organisasi. Selain itu, tingkat kepuasan karyawan terhadap pemimpin berfungsi sebagai jembatan psikologis yang krusial dalam menentukan bagaimana komunikasi pemimpin dan perilaku transformasional diterjemahkan menjadi retensi karyawan yang lebih kuat di sektor farmasi. Oleh karena itu, implikasi penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya bagi perusahaan farmasi untuk meningkatkan kejelasan, empati, dan konsistensi komunikasi para pemimpin, serta menumbuhkan perilaku kepemimpinan transformasional seperti kemampuan menginspirasi, dukungan individual, dan keteladanan sebagai kompetensi inti kepemimpinan guna menjaga stabilitas tenaga kerja di industri yang sangat kompetitif.
The pharmaceutical industry faces a critical challenge in retaining highly skilled employees, whose expertise directly impacts product development, regulatory compliance, and validation processes. Due to specialized certification requirements and limited knowledge transferability, employee turnover can disrupt operational timelines and increase costs for rehiring and retraining. In the Greater Jakarta area (Jabodetabek), intense talent competition and high workforce mobility further amplify this risk. This study examines how leadership communication and transformational leadership influence employee retention, with job satisfaction toward the leader positioned as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach was used, involving 155 pharmaceutical employees in Jabodetabek selected through purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed using PLS-SEM via SmartPLS 4.0. The findings reveal that leader communication does not have a direct effect on employee retention, however, it demonstrates a significant indirect effect through job satisfaction toward the leader. Meanwhile, transformational leadership style has both direct and indirect effects on employee retention, indicating that leadership which inspires, provides emotional support, and motivates employees positively contributes to their intention to remain with the organization. Moreover, employees’ level of satisfaction with their leader functions as a critical psychological bridge that determines how leadership communication and transformational behaviors translate into stronger retention in the pharmaceutical sector. Therefore, the implications point to the need for pharmaceutical companies to improve leaders’ communication clarity, empathy, and consistency, while also cultivating transformational behaviors, such as inspiration, individualized support, and role modeling as core leadership competencies to maintain workforce stability in a highly competitive industry.
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