FROM CAMPUS TO CAREER: HOW INTERNSHIP, SKILLS, AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXPOSURE SHAPE WORK READINESS

Main Article Content

Joyce Turangan
Dyah Erny Herwindiati
Mahlia Muis

Abstract

Di tengah persaingan pasar kerja yang semakin ketat, kesiapan kerja lulusan perguruan tinggi menjadi isu penting yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Berbagai penelitian sebelumnya mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kesiapan kerja menunjukkan hasil yang belum konsisten, khususnya terkait peran soft skills, pengalaman magang, dan pengalaman organisasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ketiga variabel tersebut terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa tingkat akhir di Jakarta.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sebanyak 150 responden yang terdiri dari mahasiswa tingkat akhir dan lulusan baru berpartisipasi melalui kuesioner daring. Analisis data dilakukan dengan SmartPLS 4.1.1.2 melalui dua tahapan, yaitu pengujian outer model untuk menguji validitas dan reliabilitas, serta inner model untuk menilai hubungan antarvariabel, R², dan uji hipotesis.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga variabel independent, yaitu  pengalaman magang, soft skills, dan pengalaman organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja. Di antara ketiganya, soft skills memiliki pengaruh paling dominan dengan koefisien jalur sebesar 0.520, menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi non-teknis menjadi faktor utama dalam membentuk kesiapan kerja. Nilai R² sebesar 0.828 mengindikasikan bahwa 82,8% variasi kesiapan kerja dapat dijelaskan oleh model penelitian ini.  Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi simultan ketiga variabel tersebut ke dalam satu model prediktif, sehingga mampu memberikan gambaran lebih komprehensif mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kesiapan kerja. Temuan ini juga memberikan rekomendasi praktis bagi perguruan tinggi untuk memperkuat pembelajaran berbasis pengalaman dan pengembangan soft skills dalam kurikulum akademik guna meningkatkan daya saing lulusan.


 


In today’s increasingly competitive job market, graduate work readiness has emerged as a pressing issue for higher education institutions. Previous studies on the determinants of work readiness have often reported inconsistent findings, particularly regarding the roles of internships, soft skills, and organizational experience. Addressing this gap, the present study aims to investigate the combined influence of these three factors on the work readiness of final-year university students in Jakarta.  A quantitative research design was employed using purposive sampling, with data collected from 150 respondents consisting of final-year students and recent graduates through online questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.1.1.2, involving outer model testing to establish validity and reliability, and inner model testing to examine structural relationships, coefficient of determination (R²), and hypothesis testing.  The findings reveal that internship experience, soft skills, and organizational experience all have a positive and significant effect on work readiness. Among these, soft skills emerged as the most dominant factor with a path coefficient of 0.520, indicating that interpersonal competencies and self-management abilities are critical for graduate preparedness. Furthermore, the R² value of 0.828 suggests that 82.8% of the variance in work readiness can be explained by the three predictors combined.  The novelty of this study lies in its simultaneous integration of internships, soft skills, and organizational experience into a single predictive model, offering a more comprehensive perspective on student employability. These results provide actionable implications for universities, emphasizing the need to strengthen experiential learning opportunities and systematically embed soft skill development into academic curricula to better equip graduates for professional challenges.

Article Details

Section
Articles

References

Adeosun, O. T., Shittu, A. I., & Owolabi, T. J. (2022). University internship systems and preparation of young people for world of work in the 4th industrial revolution. Rajagiri Management Journal, 16(2), 164–179. https://doi.org/10.1108/ramj-01-2021-0005

Azizah, N., Santoso, S., & Sumaryati, S. (2019). Sigit Santoso dan Sri Sumaryati. Pengaruh Persepsi Magang Dunia Usaha/Dunia Industri dan Pengalaman Organisasi terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa. In Tata Arta" UNS (Vol. 5, Issue 1).

Brkovic, M., Ćulibrk, J., Rikalovic, A., Tasić, N., & Bajic, B. (2023). Industry 5.0 and the skills gap: strategies for developing a futureready workforce. 19th International Scientific Conference on Industrial Systems, 360–365. https://doi.org/10.24867/IS-2023-T6.2-2_04941

Caballero, C. L., & Walker, A. (2010). Work readiness in graduate recruitment and selection: A review of current assessment methods. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 1(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.211681944499873

Carnevale, A. P., & Smith, N. (2013). Workplace basics: The skills employees need and employers want. In Human Resource Development International (Vol. 16, Issue 5, pp. 491–501). https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2013.821267

G Ratuela, Y. R., Nelwan, O. S., Lumintang, G. G., Manajemen, J., & Ekonomi dan Bisnis, F. (n.d.). Januari ril 2022, Hal. 10(1), 172–183.

Gohae. (2020). Pengalaman magang, minat kerja dan pengaruhnya terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa akuntansi. 4(3).

Kapareliotis, I., Voutsina, K., & Patsiotis, A. (2019). Internship and employability prospects: assessing student’s work readiness. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 9(4), 538–549. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-08-2018-0086

Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a Unifying Social Cognitive Theory of Career and Academic Interest, Choice, and Performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45, 79–122.

Lucas, N., Lie, C., Noviaty, K., Darmasetiawan, S., & Psi, M. S. (2017). Pengaruh soft skill terhadap kesiapan kerja menghadapi masyarakat ekonomi asean pada mahasiswa s1 fakultas bisnis dan ekonomika universitas surabaya. In Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya (Vol. 6, Issue 2).

Magfiroh, F., & Jaro’ah, S. (2023). Gen Z and the World of Work: A Study Literature of New Graduates’ Challenges in Building Job Readiness (pp. 1194–1205). https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-152-4_122

Nasution, R., Dewi, M., & Handayani, S. (2022). Campus involvement and its varying impacts on students’ work preparation. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 10(2), 120–132.

Peersia, K., Rappa, N. A., & Perry, L. B. (2024). Work readiness: definitions and conceptualisations. In Higher Education Research and

Development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2024.2366322

Rasli, M. A. M. (2020). Do Soft Skills Really Matter? 427–435. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.05.46

Robles, M. M. (2012). Executive Perceptions of the Top 10 Soft Skills Needed in Today’s Workplace. Business Communication Quarterly, 75(4), 453–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/1080569912460400

Saleh, S., & Aqsha Syamsul, A. (2024). The Influence of Organizational Experience on the Work Readiness of Office Administration Education Students Universitas Negeri Makassar.

Sari, N. P. K. P., & Rini, H. P. (2023). The influence of self efficacy and competence on job readiness through on the job training for students majoring in housekeeping mediteranean bali bangli campus. Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business, 2(9), 969–976. https://return.publikasikupublisher.com

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). An easy way to help students learn, collaborate, and grow. www.wileypluslearningspace.com

Sihotang, P., & Santosa, A. (2019). Organizational experience and its contribution to graduate readiness. Journal of Higher Education Leadership, 7(1), 56–69.

Succi, C., & Canovi, M. (2020). Soft skills to enhance graduate employability: comparing students and employers’ perceptions. Studies in Higher Education, 45(9), 1834–1847. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1585420

Verma, P., Nankervis, A., Priyono, S., Moh’D Saleh, N., Connell, J., & Burgess, J. (2018). Graduate work-readiness challenges in the Asia-Pacific region and the role of HRM. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, 37(2), 121–137. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-01-2017-0015

Vilysia, & Turangan, J. A. (2024). The influence of internship experience, social support, and work motivation on work readiness of feb students of universitas tarumanagara. International Journal of Application on Economics and Business (IJAEB, 2(3), 2987–1972. https://doi.org/10.24912/ijaeb.v2i3.151-161

Winterton, J., & Turner, J. J. (2019). Preparing graduates for work readiness: an overview and agenda. Education and Training, 61(5), 536–551. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2019-0044