COMPARISON OF BREASTMILK PRODUCTION FROM MOTHERS OF PREMATURE AND MATURE BABIES DURING THE FIRST WEEK IN NICU SILOAM HOSPITALS KEBON JERUK

Main Article Content

Naomi Esthernita F. Dewanto
Nancy Napitupulu

Abstract

Background: The principal goal for infants especially preterm is the provision of the mother’s own milk (MOM), but on the other hand it is difficult to get MOM for preterm babies due to delayed of lactogenesis II and mother’s stress. Milk production and adequacy, for mothers of both healthy breastfeeding term infants and non-nursing preterm infants, have been shown to have a significant relationship with milk production 4-6 days after birth. This research aim to describe the comparison of milk production between mothers of premature and mature babies during the first week in NICU SHKJ. Methods: This is an observational descriptive with comparative study of mother’s milk production of preterm (<37 weeks) and term (>37 weeks) babies during the first week of life in NICU Siloam Hospitals Kebon Jeruk from 1st January until 31st December 2018. We documented the milk production from mothers breastmilk expression every 3-4 hours since 4-6 hours after delivery until day 7. Results: From 181 babies during 2018, we got 31 preterm and 77 term babies that we could documented from birth until day 7. The average breastmilk production of the preterm vs term mothers in each expression from day 1-7 were 0,81 vs 1,61 ml; 3 vs 3,65 ml; 6,66 vs 6,94 ml;21,5 vs 26,6 ml; 34,1 vs 46,4 ml; 45,92 vs 46 ml; 48,88 vs 50,4 ml/x expression.Conclusions: Expressing milk for a preterm or unwell baby requires commitment by the mother and effective support from staff. Commence breast milk expression as soon as possible after birth, at least within the first six hours, followed by frequent, regular and effective breast milk expression to stimulate adequate breast milk production may provide MOM for babies even for preterm babies in NICU with almost similar amount.

Article Details

Section
Artikel Asli
Author Biographies

Naomi Esthernita F. Dewanto, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara

Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak

Nancy Napitupulu, RS Siloam Kebun Jeruk

NICU

References

Anderson J. W., Johnstone B. M., Remley D. T. Breast-feeding and cognitive development: a meta-analysis. Am J ClinNutr 1999;70:525–35.

Lawrence R. M., Lawrence R. A. Breastfeeding: More Than Just Good Nutrition. Pediatrics in Review 2011;32:267-279.

DuijtsL., Jaddoe V.W., Hofman A., Moll H.A. Prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of infectious diseases in infancy. Pediatrics 2010;126: e18-25.

Ip S., Chung M., Raman G., Chew P., Magula N., DeVine D., Trikalinos T., Lau J. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Evidence Report/ Technology Assessesment 2007;153: 1-186.

Greer F.R., Sicherer S.H., Burks A.W. Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics 2008; 121: 183-191.

Hauck F. R., Thompson J. M. D., Tanabe K. O., Moon R. Y., Vennemann M. M. Breastfeeding and Reduced Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2011; 128(1): 1-8.

Stolzer J.M. Breastfeeding and obesity: a meta-analysis. Open J Prev Med 2011; 1(3): 88- 93.

American Academy of Pediatrics. Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. Pediatrics 2012; 129(3): e827-41.

Van ‘t Land B., Boehm G., Garssen J. Breast milk: components with immune modulating potential and their possible role in immune mediated disease resistance. In: Watson R.R., Zibadi S., PreedyV.R. (eds.) Dietary components and immune function. Springer, Berlin, Germany. 2010;pp. 25-41.

Jeurink P. V., Bergenhenegouwen J., Jimenez E., Knippels L. M. J., Fernandez L., Garssen J., Knol J., Rodriguez J. M., Martin R. Human milk: a source of more life than we imagine. Beneficial Microbes, March 2013; 4(1): 17-30.

Cacho N. T., Lawrence R. M. Innate Immunity and Breast Milk. Front. Immunol 2017;8:584.

Fernandez L., Langa S., Martin V., Maldonado A., Jimenez E., Martin R., Rodriguez J. M. The human milk microbiota: Origin and potential roles in health and disease. Pharmacological Research 2013;69:1–10

Maffei D., Schanler R. J. Human milk is the feeding strategy to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis! Seminars in Perinatology 2016: 1-5.

Patel A. L., Johnson T. J., Engstrom J. L., et al; Impact of Early Human Milk on Sepsis and Health Care Costs in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. J Perinatol 2013; 33(7): 514–519.

Vohr B. R., Poindexter B. B., Dusick A.M. et al. Beneficial Effects of Breast Milk in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on the Developmental Outcome of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants at 18 Months of Age. Pediatrics 2006;118(1): e115-23.

Vohr B. R., Poindexter B. B., Dusick A. M., et al; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Research Network. Persistent beneficial effects of breast milk ingested in the neonatal intensive care unit on outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants at 30 months of age. Pediatrics 2007;120(4):e953-9.

Schanler R. J., Shulman R. J., Lau C. Feeding strategies for premature infants: beneficial outcomes of feeding fortified human milk versus preterm formula. Pediatrics 1999;103(6 pt 1):1150–1157.

Hintz S. R., Kendrick D. E., Stoll B. J., et al; NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants after necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics 2005;115(3):696–703.

Sweet L. Expressed breast milk as ’connection’ and its influence on the construction of ’motherhood’ for mothers of preterm infants: A qualititative study. Int Breastfeed J 2008;3:30–42.

Parker L. A., Sullivan S., Krueger C., Mueller M. Association of Timing of Initiation of Breastmilk Expression on Milk Volume and Timing of Lactogenesis Stage II Among Mothers of Very Low-Birth –Weight Infants. Breastfeeding Medicine 2015;10(2):84-91.

Isaacs E. B., Fischl B. R., Quinn B. T., Chong W. K., Gadian D. G., Lucas A. Impact of breast milk on intelligence quotient, brain size, and white matter development. Pediatr Res 2010;67(4):357-362

Lucas A. Long-term programming effects of early nutrition—implications for the preterm infant. J Perinatol 2005;25(suppl 2):S2–S6.

Lee J., Kim H. S., Jung Y. H., et al; Oropharyngeal Colostrum Administration in Extremely Premature Infants: An RCT. Pediatrics 2015;135(2): e357-66.

Dvorak B., Fituch C. C., Williams C. S., Hurst N. M., Schanler R.J. Increased epidermal growth factor levels in human milk of mothers with extremely premature infants. Pediatr Res 2003;54(1):15–19.

Pletsch D., Ulrich C., Angelini M., Fernandes G., Lee D. S. C. Mother’ “Liquid Gold”: A Quality Improvement Initiative to Support Early Colostrum Delivery via Oral Immune Therapy (OIT) to Premature and Critically Ill Newborns. In: A Quality Improvement Initiative to Support Early Colostrum Delivery. Nurs. Leadersh (Tor Ont) 2013:26: 34-42.

Rodriguez N. A., Groer M. W., Zeller J. M., et al; A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Oropharyngeal Administration of Mother’s Colostrum to Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants in the First Days of Life. Neonatal Intensive Care 2011;24(4):31-35.

Rodriguez N. A., Meier P. P., Groer M. W., Zeller J. M. Oropharyngeal administration of colostrum to extremely low birth weight infants: theoretical perspectives. J Perinatol 2009;29(1):1–7.

Gephart S. M., Weller M. Colostrum as oral immune therapy to promote neonatal health. Adv Neonatal Care 2014;14(1):44–51.

Jones E., Spencer S. A. OptimisingThe Provision of Human Milk For Preterm Infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2007 Jul;92(4):F236-F238.

Dewey K.G. Maternal and Fetal Stress Are Associated with Impaired Lactogenesis in.Humans. J. Nutr 2001;131:3012S-3015S.

Wilson E., Christensson K. Early Provision of Mother’s Own Milk and Other Predictors of Successful Breast Milk Feeding after Very Preterm Birth: A Regional Observational Study. J Hum Lact 2015:1-8.

Matias S. L., Dewey K. G., Quesenberry C. P. Jr., Gunderson E. P. Maternal prepregnancy obesity and insulin treatment during pregnancy are independently associated with delayed lactogenesis in women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J ClinNutr 2014;99(1):115-121.

Cregan M. D., De Mello T. R., Kershaw D., McDougall K., Hartmann P. E. Initiation of lactation in women after preterm delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002;81(9):870- 877.

Dewey K. G., Nommsen-Rivers L. A., Heinig M.J., et al. Risk factors for suboptimal infant breastfeeding behavior, delayed onset of lactation, and excess neonatal weight loss. Pediatrics 2003;112:607-619.

Parker L. A., Sullivan S., Krueger C., Kelechi T., Mueller M. Effect of early breast milk expression on milk volume and timing of lactogenesis stage II among mothers of very low birth weight infants: A pilot study. Journal of Perinatology 2012;32:205–209.

Spatz D., Edwards T. The Use of Human Milk and Breastfeeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. National Association of Neonatal Nurses. 2015.

Schanler R. J., Hurst N. M., Lau C. The use of human milk and breastfeeding in preterm infants. ClinPerinatol 1999;26:379–98.

Furman L., Minich N., Hack M. Correlates of lactation in mothers of very low birth weight infants. Pediatr 2002;109:e57.

Neville M. C., Morton J., Umemura S. Lactogenesis, the transition from pregnancy to lactation. PediatrClin North Am 2001;48:35–52.

Kent J.C., Gardner H. Breastmilk Production in the First 4 Weeks after Birth of Term Infants. Nutrients 2016;8(12):756.

Ramezani T., Shirazi Z. H., Sarvestani R. S., Moattari M. Family-Centered Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Concept Analysis. IJCBNM 2014;2:4.