REEVALUASI KONSEP KEMITRAAN: IMPLIKASI TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEKERJA LEPAS DALAM EKONOMI GIG INDONESIA

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Marvell Limiardo
Gunardi Lie

Abstract

The rapid growth of the gig economy in Indonesia presents significant challenges to the national labor law framework, which has yet to provide adequate protection for gig workers. This research aims to (1) analyze the main challenges in the legal classification of gig workers in Indonesia, currently categorized as partners; (2) compare regulatory approaches in other jurisdictions such as the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Singapore; and (3) formulate legal reform recommendations to ensure fair protection for gig workers in Indonesia. This study employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative law approaches. The analysis is conducted on primary and secondary legal sources. The findings indicate that classifying gig workers as 'partners' under current Indonesian regulations (Law No. 20 of 2008, Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 12 of 2019) fails to reflect the reality of subordinative work relationships and creates a protection gap. Comparative study indicates a global trend towards recognizing gig workers' rights, either through reclassification or the creation of hybrid legal categories. Indonesia lags in responding to these dynamics, leaving gig workers vulnerable to unfair working conditions. This research contributes by providing a critical analysis of Indonesian regulations, offering relevant comparative perspectives, and proposing a legal reform model—either through reclassifying gig workers' status or establishing a new legal category—that is urgently needed to create fair labor standards and effective legal protection for gig workers in Indonesia's digital economy era.


Perkembangan pesat ekonomi gig di Indonesia menghadirkan tantangan signifikan terhadap kerangka hukum ketenagakerjaan nasional yang belum mampu memberikan perlindungan memadai bagi pekerja lepas (pekerja gig). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (a) menganalisis tantangan utama dalam klasifikasi hukum pekerja lepas di Indonesia yang saat ini dikategorikan sebagai mitra; (b) membandingkan pendekatan regulatif di yurisdiksi lain seperti Uni Eropa, Inggris, Amerika Serikat, dan Singapura; serta (c) merumuskan rekomendasi reformasi hukum untuk menjamin perlindungan yang adil bagi pekerja lepas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan hukum. Analisis dilakukan terhadap sumber hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klasifikasi pekerja lepas sebagai 'mitra' berdasarkan regulasi Indonesia saat ini (UU No. 20 Tahun 2008, Permenhub No. 12 Tahun 2019) gagal mencerminkan realitas hubungan kerja yang subordinatif dan menciptakan kesenjangan perlindungan. Studi perbandingan mengindikasikan tren global menuju pengakuan hak-hak pekerja gig, baik melalui reklasifikasi maupun penciptaan kategori hukum hibrida. Indonesia tertinggal dalam merespons dinamika ini, sehingga pekerja lepas rentan terhadap kondisi kerja yang tidak adil. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menyediakan analisis kritis terhadap regulasi Indonesia, menawarkan perspektif komparatif yang relevan, dan mengusulkan model reformasi hukum—baik melalui reklasifikasi status pekerja gig maupun pembentukan kategori hukum baru—yang mendesak untuk menciptakan standar kerja yang adil dan perlindungan hukum yang efektif bagi pekerja lepas di era ekonomi digital Indonesia.

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