Prevalensi risiko gangguan makan pada pelajar sekolah menegah atas di Manado: Perbandingan jenis kelamin dan status gizi
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Abstract
Gangguan makan di kalangan remaja merupakan masalah kesehatan global dengan prevalensi yang semakin meningkat, dengan risiko mortalitas tinggi, terutama pada anoreksia nervosa. Pada pria, prevalensi gangguan makan juga meningkat dan sering kali tidak terdiagnosis. Studi ini berfokus pada prevalensi gangguan makan berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan status gizi. Metode deskriptif observasional digunakan dengan data yang diperoleh dari kuesioner eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) dan pengukuran status gizi melalui indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Studi dilakukan terhadap 230 siswa SMA di Manado. Mayoritas responden ialah perempuan (120 responden; 52,2%) dan 94 (40,9%) siswa dari seluruh responden berisiko gangguan makan. Laki-laki memiliki risiko gangguan makan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan meskipun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang jauh (42,7% vs 39,2%). Diantara status gizi, risiko gangguan makan lebih bervariasi antar kelompok. Kelompok gizi lebih didapatkan paling berisiko (64,9%), diikuti oleh gizi normal (37,5%), dan kelompok gizi kurang memiliki risiko terendah (13,5%). Frekuensi perilaku gangguan makan berupa binge eating, muntah (self-induced vomitting), dan puasa juga diperoleh. Hasil ini menyoroti tingginya risiko gangguan makan dan perilaku terkait pada remaja terutama pada remaja laki-laki.
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