ANALISIS ALIRAN PADA BUCKET TURBIN PELTON 1 KW DENGAN VARIASI SPEAR NOZZLE MENGGUNAKAN METODE CFD

Abstract

Pelton turbine have been used for harvesting renewable energy by extracting kinetic
energy of water into mechanical energy for more than 100 years. This characteristic makes this
system remains potential to achieve Goals #12 SDGs. During the operation, the performance of
Pelton Turbine is affected by several parameters: hydraulic power, water flow rate, bucket
design, and nozzle. Among others, nozzle design is the most challenging since this part is
responsible to drive the water direction strike the buckets, converting impulse. The performance
of existing 1 kW Pelton Turbine equipped with 15mm Spear Nozzle is believed can be improved
by varying the nozzle diameter by using low-cost CFD simulation procedure. Ansys Fluent from
Ansys Student 2021 R1 is used in this research. Represented by two-buckets facing spear nozzle,
three dimensional CFD simulation is conducted. The nozzle diameter is varied to 15 mm, 14 mm,
and 13 mm from two configurations. The first and second configuration is done with water flow
rate 3,3 kg/s and 1,3 kg/s respectively. The results show that 15 mm nozzle diameter can produce
higher power as high as 594,08 Watt with the first configuration. Even though at the second
configuration this 15mm nozzle diameter did not produce the highest power, other parameters
such as splashing water and erosion effect still show that the 15mm nozzle diameter performed
better than others. This simulation results also consistent with experimental results which
performed by using first configuration and 15mm nozzle diameter. The results also show that the
sistem performance is much higher at higher water flow rates. Therefore, the development of the
system can be continued to by using spear nozzle with diameter higher than 15mm.