Pengaruh suplementasi vitamin D terhadap peningkatan berat badan pada pasien tuberkulosis paru: Tinjauan literatur

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Dewi Wulandari
Krisadelfa Sutanto

Abstract

Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyebab kematian kedua tertinggi di dunia akibat satu agen infeksi. Pasien TB sering mengalami malnutrisi dan kekurangan mikronutrien, termasuk vitamin D. Vitamin D berperan sebagai imunomodulator dalam melindungi tubuh terhadap infeksi. Studi ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan suplementasi vitamin D sebagai terapi tambahan pada pasien TB aktif dan dampaknya terhadap status gizi, yang dinilai melalui parameter kenaikan berat badan. Studi dilakukan melalui pencarian literatur dengan menggunakan tiga basis data utama, yaitu PubMed, Cochrane, dan Google Scholar dengan menyesuaikan kriteria inklusi yang telah ditentukan. Tahun publikasi artikel yang diikutsertakan antara tahun 2019 hingga 2024. Metode penilaian kritis terhadap studi yang terpilih menggunakan pendekatan validitas, pentingnya hasil atau importancy, dan aplikabilitas atau applicability (VIA) berdasarkan kriteria dari Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) untuk studi terapi. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi yang ditetapkan, didapatkan satu artikel systematic review/meta-analisis (SR/MA) dari Randomised Clinical Trial (RCT) dan satu artikel RCT yang selanjutnya dikaji secara kritis dari aspek validitas, signifikansi, dan aplikabilitas. Kedua studi menunjukkan suplementasi vitamin D sebagai terapi tambahan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan berat badan pada pasien tuberkulosis paru.

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