PENANGANAN DEGRADASI LAHAN GAMBUT MELALUI PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR REGENERATIF DI PONTIANAK
Main Article Content
Abstract
Peatlands are critical ecosystems with a strategic role in carbon storage and global climate balance. However, the condition of peatlands in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, has suffered serious degradation due to fires and improper land management, threatening their ecological functions and the socio-economic well-being of local communities. This study aims to formulate a regenerative architectural approach that can restore the ecological functions of peatland ecosystems while also addressing the need for adaptive and sustainable spaces. The literature review refers to regenerative design theory, which goes beyond sustainable and restorative design by emphasizing the synergy between humans and nature to create healthy and productive ecological systems. The methods used include literature studies, analysis of peatland characteristics, and conceptual design based on regenerative principles, including efficient water management and the use of lightweight materials and construction techniques responsive to peat conditions. The results indicate that regenerative architectural design can minimize ecological damage by maintaining groundwater levels, supporting biodiversity recovery, and creating educational spaces for communities to understand the importance of peatland conservation. This approach allows for a balanced integration of environmental, social, and economic needs in the sustainable development of degraded peatland areas.
Keywords: land degradation; peatland; pontianak; regenerative architecture
Abstrak
Lahan gambut merupakan ekosistem penting dengan peran strategis dalam penyimpanan karbon dan keseimbangan iklim global, namun kondisi lahan gambut di Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, mengalami degradasi serius akibat kebakaran dan pengelolaan yang tidak sesuai, yang mengancam fungsi ekologis dan sosial ekonomi masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan pendekatan arsitektur regeneratif yang mampu mengembalikan fungsi ekosistem lahan gambut sekaligus memenuhi kebutuhan ruang yang adaptif dan berkelanjutan. Kajian literatur mengacu pada teori desain regeneratif yang melampaui desain berkelanjutan dan restoratif, menekankan pada sinergi antara manusia dan alam untuk menciptakan sistem ekologi yang sehat dan produktif. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur, analisis karakteristik lahan gambut, dan perancangan konseptual dengan prinsip regeneratif, termasuk pengelolaan air yang efisien dan penggunaan material serta teknik bangunan yang ringan dan responsif terhadap kondisi gambut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain arsitektur regeneratif diharapkan dapat meminimalkan kerusakan ekologis dengan mempertahankan kadar air tanah, mendukung pemulihan biodiversitas, dan menciptakan ruang edukatif bagi masyarakat tentang pentingnya konservasi gambut. Pendekatan ini memungkinkan terciptanya keseimbangan antara kebutuhan lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan di kawasan gambut yang terdegradasi.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur/ STUPA Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International LicenseReferences
Agus, F., & Subiksa, I. G. M. (2008). Lahan gambut: Potensi untuk pertanian dan aspek lingkungan. Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) SEA Regional Office.
Anshari, G. Z., Afifuddin, M., Nuriman, M., Gusmayanti, E., & Sugardjito, J. (2010). Drainage and land use impacts on changes of carbon stock of tropical peatland in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Tropical Ecology, 51(2), 273–282.
Baper, R. (2013). Regenerative Architecture: Beyond Sustainability. Journal of Green Building Design, 8(2), 34–47.
Berawi, M. A. (2017). Creating a sustainable future through green infrastructure development. International Journal of Technology, 8(1), 1–4.https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v8i1.412
CIFOR-ICRAF. (2023). Data dan informasi restorasi ekosistem gambut Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.cifor.org
Cole, R. J. (2015). Regenerative design and development: Current theory and practice. Building Research & Information, 43(4), 386–390.https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2015.1052316
Duarte, C. (2015). Biophilic Design: The Architecture of Life. Environmental Design + Construction, 18(4), 20–27.
Felly, C., & Susanto, T. D. (2020). Biophilic Design untuk Kesehatan Mental pada Desain Rumah Isolasi. Jurnal Arsitektur KOMPOSISI, 14(1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.24821/komposisi.v14i1.3840
Hooijer, A., Page, S., Canadell, J. G., Silvius, M., Kwadijk, J., Wösten, H., & Jauhiainen, J. (2010). Current and future CO₂ emissions from drained peatlands in Southeast Asia. Biogeosciences, 7(5), 1505–1514. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1505-2010
Husnain, H., Agus, F., Maswar, M., Ritung, S., & Dariah, A. (2014). Development of Indonesia's Peatland Database and Map. Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal, 39(1), 13–22.
IUCN. (2021). Peatlands and climate change. Retrieved from https://www.iucn.org/resources/issues-briefs/peatlands-and-climate-change
Karhutla Monitoring System. (2020). Laporan Luas Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Indonesia 2019. Retrieved from https://sipongi.menlhk.go.id
Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. (2023). Peraturan Pemerintah No. 57 Tahun 2016 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Gambut. Jakarta: KLHK.
Lestariningsih, I., Darnita, D., & Yulianingsih, S. (2024). Analisis Perubahan Tutupan Lahan di Lahan Gambut Kecamatan Pontianak Utara. Jurnal Hutan Lestari, 12(1), 36–43. https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jlht/article/view/86541
Maas, J. (2012). Peatland Hydrology and Rewetting: Field Manual. Wetlands International.
Mang, P., & Reed, B. (2015). The Nature of Positive: Design for Regeneration. Building Research & Information, 43(1), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2014.979082
Maulina, I. A., & Susanto, T. D. (2023). Biophilia dalam Arsitektur untuk Kesehatan Mental Pasca Pandemi. Jurnal Riset Arsitektur FORM, 22(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.24821/form.v22i1.5698
Masganti, M. (2013). Tantangan restorasi ekosistem gambut di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 11(1), 1–10.
Putra, E. I., & Hayasaka, H. (2011). Recent progress in forest fire control in Indonesia. International Forest Fire News, 41, 57–65.
Reed, B. (2007). Shifting from ‘sustainability’ to regeneration. Building Research & Information, 35(6), 674–680. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210701475753
Rieley, J. O., Ahmad-Shah, A. A., & Brady, M. A. (1996). The extent and nature of tropical peat swamps. In E. Maltby, C. P. Immirzi & R. J. Safford (Eds.), Tropical lowland peatlands of Southeast Asia (pp. 15–54). IUCN.
Ritung, S., Wahyunto, Nugroho, K., Sukarman, & Hidayat, H. (2014). Peta Sebaran Gambut Nasional Skala 1:250.000. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian.
Smith, P., Bustamante, M., Ahammad, H., Clark, H., Dong, H., Elsiddig, E. A., ... & Tubiello, F. (2021). Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU). In Climate Change and Land. IPCC Special Report.
Stamenković, D., Milovanović, S., & Stojanović, A. (2019). Regenerative Architecture – A New Paradigm in the Design Process. Facta Universitatis: Architecture and Civil Engineering, 17(1), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.2298/FUACE1901081S
Staf Survei Tanah. (2003). Soil Taxonomy untuk Lahan Gambut di Kalimantan Barat. Balai Penelitian Tanah, Bogor.
Valat, B., Jouany, C., & Righi, D. (1991). Characterization of the surface properties of peats: Organic matter and water retention. Soil Science, 152(2), 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199108000-00006
Wahyunto, Ritung, S., & Subagjo. (2013). Peta Sebaran Lahan Gambut Indonesia Skala 1:250.000. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian.
Wahyunto, Ritung, S., Subagjo, & Suparto. (2014). Peta dan Data Sebaran Gambut Nasional. Kementerian Pertanian.
Williams, D. (2014). What is Regenerative Design?. Green Building & Design Magazine, (7), 24–29.

