STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH RASIO TULANGAN LENTUR TERHADAP MEKANISME KERUNTUHAN BALOK BETON BERTULANG
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Abstract
Reinforced concrete is a composite material that utilizes concrete and steel to resist tensile and flexural forces. However, the reinforcement ratio used in reinforced concrete beams significantly affects the strength, deformation, and failure patterns of the structure. This study aims to analyze the influence of reinforcement ratio on the failure behavior of reinforced concrete beams under under-reinforced, balanced-reinforced, and over-reinforced conditions. The research was conducted through laboratory experiments involving flexural testing on beams with varying reinforcement ratios. Each beam was tested using a two-point loading method to evaluate the load-deflection relationship and observe crack patterns during the testing process. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the failure behavior among the three reinforcement conditions to determine how the reinforcement ratio affects structural failure. The results showed that over-reinforced beams tended to experience more rapid and significant shear failure, exhibiting brittle behavior. Balanced-reinforced beams showed a more balanced occurrence of shear and flexural cracks, but the dominant failure mechanism remained shear. Meanwhile, under-reinforced beams experienced earlier failure, but with a more ductile behavior and a flexural failure mode. These findings emphasize that the selection of flexural reinforcement ratio should consider the balance between flexural and shear capacity, ductility, and the expected failure mechanism to ensure good structural performance under extreme loading.
Abstrak
Beton bertulang merupakan material komposit yang memanfaatkan beton dan baja tulangan untuk menahan gaya tarik dan lentur. Namun, rasio tulangan yang digunakan pada balok beton bertulang sangat memengaruhi kekuatan, deformasi, dan pola keruntuhan struktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio tulangan terhadap perilaku keruntuhan pada balok beton bertulang dalam kondisi under reinforced, balanced reinforced, dan over reinforced. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen laboratorium dengan pengujian lentur pada balok beton bertulang dengan rasio tulangan yang bervariasi. Setiap balok diuji menggunakan metode pembebanan 2 titik untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara beban dan lendutan, serta mengamati pola retak yang muncul selama proses pengujian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan perilaku keruntuhan pada ketiga kondisi penulangan, guna menentukan bagaimana rasio tulangan memengaruhi kegagalan struktural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balok over reinforced cenderung mengalami keruntuhan geser yang lebih cepat dan signifikan, sehingga perilaku yang terjadi yaitu getas. Balok balance reinforced mengalami retak geser dan lentur yang lebih seimbang, namun mekanisme keruntuhannya tetap didominasi oleh geser. Sementara itu, balok under reinforced mengalami kerusakan yang lebih dini tetapi sifat keruntuhan yang lebih daktail dan keruntuhannya berupa lentur. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemilihan rasio tulangan lentur harus mempertimbangkan keseimbangan antara kapasitas lentur dan kapasitas geser, daktilitas, serta mekanisme keruntuhan yang diharapkan agar struktur memiliki kinerja yang baik saat menerima beban ekstrem.
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This work is licensed under Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil (JMTS) Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.References
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