KAPASITAS ANTIOKSIDAN dan TOKSISITAS ACAIBERRY (Euterpe oleracea), CIPLUKAN (Physalis angulata) dan KURMA AJWA (Phoenix dactylifera)
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Abstract
Plants are a biodiversity that is always around us. Acaiberry (Euterpe oleracea) is a from South America’s plant, called a superfruit and is believed to smoothen the digestive tract, lose weight, prevent cardiovascular disease, have anti-inflammatory, antidepressant properties and can prevent the risk of cancer. Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) is a plant of tropical and subtropical areas. The stems, leaves, and roots of Ciplukan in Indonesia are used as antidiabetic drugs and the root ingredients are used for postpartum, muscle pain and hepatitis. Ciplukan can improve digestion, anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis, orchitis, ulcers, cancer, tumors, leukemia and diabetes. Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are a fruit with the most complete nutritional content, contain lots of energy (glucose, fructose), a little protein and fat, and contain vitamins and minerals. The content of tannins and magnesium in dates are anti-infective, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective. Objective: to determine the antioxidant capacity and toxicity of the three plants. This research needs to be developed considering the many benefits of these plants for life. Methodology: tests on methanol extracts of the three plants included phytochemical tests, antioxidant capacity using DPPH and toxicity using the BSLT method. Results and Conclussion: phytochemical tests carried out on 13 secondary metabolites showed positive results in the three plants, except that coumarins was not found in ciplukan. Acaiberry fruit has a very strong antioxidant capacity (IC50=17.36 µg/mL), ciplukan fruit with moderate strength (IC50=149.46 µg/mL) and dates with a very strong antioxidant capacity (IC50=26.14 µg/mL). These three plants have toxic toxicity with values of LC50=238.48 µg/mL (Acaiberry), LC50=208.82 mg/mL (Ciplukan) and LC50=126.610 µg/mL (Dates)
Keywords: Acaiberry; ciplukan; ajwa dates; phytochemicals; antioxidant; BSLT
Abstrak
Tumbuhan merupakan keanekaragaman hayati yang selalu ada di sekitar kita. Acaiberry (Euterpe oleracea) merupakan tumbuhan yang berasal dari Amerika Selatan, disebut superfruit dan diyakini dapat memperlancar saluran pencernaan, menurunkan berat badan, mencegah penyakit kardiovaskular, bersifat anti-inflamasi, antidepresan dan bisa mencegah risiko terjadinya penyakit kanker. Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) merupakan tumbuhan daerah tropis dan subtropis. Batang, daun, dan akar Ciplukan di Indonesia digunakan sebagai obat antidiabetes dan ramuan akar digunakan untuk postpartum, nyeri otot dan hepatitis. Ciplukan dapat memperbaiki pencernaan, antiinflamasi, desinfektan, asma, batuk rejan, bronkitis, orkitis, bisul, kanker, tumor, leukemia dan kencing manis. Kurma (Phoenix dactylifera) merupakan buah dengan kandungan gizi terlengkap, banyak mengandung energi (glukosa, fruktosa), sedikit protein, dan lemak, serta mengandung vitamin dan mineral. Kandungan tanin dan magnesium didalam kurma bersifat anti infeksi, anti inflamasi dan hepatoprotektif. Senyawa antioksidan dapat menghambat serta mencegah terjadinya kerusakan tubuh yang berakibat timbulnya penyakit degenerative. Oleh karena itu sumber-sumber antioksidan sangat diperlukan tubuh untuk mencegah kerusakan yang ditimbulkan oleh radikal bebas terhadap sel tubuh. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan kapasitas antioksidan dan toksisitas ketiga tumbuhan. Penelitian ini perlu dikembangkan mengingat banyaknya manfaat tumbuhan tersebut untuk kehidupan. Pengujian terhadap ekstrak metanol ketiga tumbuhan meliputi uji fitokimia, kapasitas antioksidan menggunakan DPPH dan toksisitas dengan metoda BSLT. Uji fitokimia yang dilakukan terhadap 13 senyawa metabolit sekunder menunjukkan hasil positif pada ketiga tumbuhan tersebut, kecuali kumarin tidak ditemukan pada Ciplukan. Buah Acaiberry memiliki kapasitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat (IC50=17,36 µg/mL), buah Ciplukan dengan kuat sedang (IC50=149,46 µg/mL) dan buah Kurma dengan kapasitas antioksidan sangat kuat (IC50=26,14 µg/mL). Ketiga tumbuhan ini memiliki toksisitas yang bersifat toksik dengan nilai LC50=238,48 µg/mL (Acaiberry), LC50=208,82 mg/mL (Ciplukan) dan LC50=126,610 g/mL (Kurma).
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