BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH DAN PANJANG BADAN LAHIR RENDAH SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO STUNTING ANAK
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Abstract
Latar belakang. 1 di antara 3 anak Indonesia tercatat mengalami stunting. Stunting adalah masalah nutrisi kronik dengan ciri perawakan pendek. Selain menyebabkan dampak jangka pendek seperti gangguan daya tahan tubuh, penurunan fungsi kognitif, dan gangguan perkembangan, stunting juga meningkatkan risiko penyakit degeneratif di kemudian hari. Identifikasi faktor risiko penting untuk dilakukan sebagai dasar upaya pencegahannya. Tujuan. Mengidentifikasi faktor risiko stunting pada anak di RSUD Ciawi. Metode. Subyek studi potong-lintang analitik ini adalah pasien anak rawat inap. Data diambil melalui anamnesis, pengukuran antropometri, dan pemeriksaan hemoglobin. Tiga belas faktor risiko dianalisis menggunakan metode uji bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil. Sebanyak 88 anak termasuk ke dalam penelitian. Prevalensi stunting didapatkan 30%. Faktor risiko yang dianalisis adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR 0,53; 95%CI 0,21-1,34), kelahiran sectio caesaria (OR 0,83; 95%CI 0,38-3,39; P=0,826), prematuritas (OR 1,49; 95%CI 0,33-6,74; P=0,605), berat badan lahir rendah (OR 9,00; 95%CI 1,68-48,21; P=0,003), panjang badan lahir rendah (OR 6,03; 95%CI 1,78-20,44; P=0,002), status imunisasi tidak lengkap (OR 1,36; 95%CI 0,54-3,42; P=0,517), ASI non-eksklusif (OR 1,25; 95%CI 0,41-3,79; P=0,693), pemberian susu formula (OR 0,89; 95%CI 0,40-2,88; P=0,891), skor KPSP tidak sesuai (OR 3,58; 95%CI 0,74-17,27; P=0,095), anemia (OR 2,91; 95%CI 1,13-7,49; P=0,024), pendidikan ayah rendah (OR 1,73; 95%CI 4,35-0,69; P=0,244), pendidikan ibu rendah (OR 1,32; 95%CI 0,52-3,36; P=0,563), dan penghasilan orang tua rendah (OR 1,82; 95%CI 0,67-4,95; P=0,241). Kesimpulan. berat badan lahir rendah dan panjang badan lahir rendah adalah faktor-faktor risiko stunting pada anak di RSUD Ciawi.
Kata Kunci: stunting; berat badan lahir rendah; panjang badan lahir rendah; anemia
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