PERENCANAAN BERBASIS-KOMUNITAS DALAM REKONSTRUKSI ACEH PASCA-BENCANA: SEBUAH REFLEKSI TEORETIK
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Abstract
Dominant spatial planning theory and practice in the last half a century in Indonesia has been the rational comprehensive. This could be seen, among other, in the formal spatial planning works of the government and private sectors, and their underlying spatial planning laws, i.e. law 24/1992 and law 26/2007. This theory is based on the assumptions that the role of the state is central in the process of plan formulation and implementation; and, at the technical level, the availability of two main conditions to enable plan to be made, i.e.: necessary maps and statistical data, and relevant experts who interprete those data to meet the need of analysis. These assumptions, unfortunately, were not fully met in the specific case of post-conflict and post-disaster reconstruction of Aceh, especially during the first two years, 2005-2006. New approach, therefore, needed to be formulated, accepted by all reconstruction players and implemented to satisfy the immediate needs of the disaster’ victims.
Keywords: planning theory, perencanaan partisipatif, rekonstruksi Aceh
Teori dan praktik perencanaan tata ruang yang dominan dalam setengah abad terakhir di Indonesia
telah menjadi rasional komprehensif. Hal ini dapat dilihat, antara lain, dalam perencanaan tata
ruang formal sektor pemerintah dan sektor swasta, dan hukum tata ruang yang mendasarinya, yaitu
undang-undang 24/1992 dan undang-undang 26/2007. Teori ini didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa
peran negara adalah sentral dalam proses perumusan dan implementasi rencana; dan, pada tingkat
teknis, ketersediaan dua kondisi utama untuk memungkinkan rencana dibuat, yaitu: peta yang
diperlukan dan data statistik, dan para ahli yang relevan yang menginterpretasi data tersebut untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan analisis. Sayangnya, asumsi-asumsi ini tidak sepenuhnya terpenuhi dalam
kasus khusus rekonstruksi Aceh pascakonflik dan pascabencana, terutama selama dua tahun pertama,
2005-2006. Karena itu, pendekatan baru perlu dirumuskan, diterima oleh semua pihak rekonstruksi
dan dilaksanakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mendesak para korban bencana.
Kata kunci: teori perencanaan, perencanaan partisipatif, rekonstruksi Aceh
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