HUBUNGAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL EKONOMI PENGHUNI DENGAN PERUBAHAN LOKASI DAN KARAKTERISTIK HUNIAN (STUDI KASUS RUSUNAWA PULOGEBANG)

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Sutikno Diharjo

Abstract

Rusunawa Pulo Gebang yang diresmikan pada 2013 menjadi wadah relokasi bagi MBR dari berbagai lokasi di Jakarta. Pada kenyataannya, pasca relokasi terjadi perubahan kondisi sosial ekonomi penghuni, seperti hilangnya pekerjaan, rendahnya peluang kerja atau jauhnya pekerjaan lama yang berdampak pada penurunan penghasilan atau peningkatan pengeluaran, serta perubahan interaksi dan kekerabatan sosial karena merupakan komunitas baru. Secara teoritis, beberapa penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa relokasi mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan lokasi dan karakteristik hunian. Dalam beberapa penelitian lain juga memperlihatkan relokasi mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan sosial ekonomi penghuni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan sosial ekonomi penghuni pasca relokasi ke Rusunawa Pulo Gebang serta hubungannya dengan perubahan lokasi dan karakteristik hunian. Hasil analisis komparatif memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat perubahan signifikan pada variabel sosial ekonomi penghuni, dimana dari 14 variabel terbukti 7 variabel mengalami penurunan sedangkan 2 variabel mengalami peningkatan. Selain itu, terdapat perubahan signifikan lokasi dan karakteristik hunian, dimana dari 18 variabel terbukti 7 variabel mengalami penurunan sedangkan 6 variabel mengalami peningkatan. Hasil analisis korelasi memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perubahan lokasi dan karakteristik hunian dengan perubahan sosial ekonomi, dimana 6 variabel berhubungan dengan perubahan partisipasi penghuni dalam kelompok komunitas, 2 variabel berhubungan dengan perubahan penghasilan keluarga dan 2 variabel berhubungan dengan perubahan pengeluaran keluarga.

Kata kunci: perubahan, sosial ekonomi, lokasi, karakteristik hunian, relokasi.


Pulo Gebang rented vertical housing (Rusunawa) which was opened in 2013 became a place for low-income citizens from various locations in Jakarta to relocate to. In reality, post-relocation, changes in occupants' socio-economic conditions, such as job loss, low employment opportunities, or former jobs being far away, resulted in a decrease of income or increasing spending, as well as changing interactions and social kinship due to the new communities. Theoretically, several studies have shown that relocation results in changes in location and housing characteristics. Several other studies also showed that relocation results in changes in socio-economic aspect of occupants. This study aims to determine the socio-economic changes of residents after relocation to Rusunawa Pulo Gebang and their relationship with changes in location and characteristics of occupancy. The result of comparative analysis shows that there are significant changes in the socio-economic variables of the occupants, where of the 14 variables, 7 variables were proven to experience a decrease while 2 variables experienced an increase. In addition, there were significant changes in location and characteristics of occupancy, where of the 18 variables, it was proven that 7 variables experienced a decrease while 6 variables experienced an increase. Correlation analysis result shows that there is a significant relationship between changes in location and characteristics of occupancy and socio-economic changes, where 6 variables are associated with changes in occupant participation in community groups, 2 variables are associated with changes in family income and 2 variables are associated with changes in family expenditure.


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