STUDI PERBANDINGAN SIFAT MEKANIK SERAT BAMBU
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Abstract
Natural fibers have application in almost every item used in our daily routine and been contributing explicitly to the economic prosperity and sustainability in our lives. Among the natural fiber plants, bamboo is the most popular, because of its versatile applications and significant contribution to the environment. Bamboo fibers have been used in various application such as decoration, weaving, paper makin, textile, and high-performance composites for the past many years. They have several advantages such as superior tensile strength, low density, and high flexibility under flexible and compressive loads. In order to meet the requirements of each bamboo application, there is a need to study the mechanical properties of bamboo fibers. This study reviews mechanical properties of bamboo fibers for various species, extraction methods, plant age, sizes, and moisture contents.
Keywords: bamboo fiber; bamboo extraction method; mechanical properties; mechanical testing; tensile strength
Abstrak
Indonesia kaya akan tanaman yang dapat diambil seratnya untuk diolah menjadi produk yang bermanfaat. Di antara tanaman penghasil serat alami, bambu adalah yang paling populer, karena memiliki aplikasi yang serba guna, mudah tumbuh, tidak memerlukan perawatan dan dapat mengurangi pencemaran udara. Serat bambu telah digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi seperti dekorasi, perabot, tekstil, kertas dan komposit. Beberapa keunggulan serat bambu adalah memiliki kekuatan tarik yang besar, densitas yang rendah dan fleksibilitas yang tinggi. Dalam rangka memenuhi persyaratan masing-masing aplikasi dari serat bambu, diperlukan studi mengenai sifat mekanik serat bambu. Penelitian ini membandingkan beberapa penelitian yang sudah dilakukan mengenai sifat mekanik serat bambu berdasarkan spesies, metode pengolahan dari batang bambu menjadi serat, umur tanaman, ukuran serat dan kadar kelembaban. Serat bambu yang dihasilkan dapat memiliki sifat mekanik yang optimal jika bambu yang dipilih adalah dari spesies tertentu, memiliki kadar kelembaban yang rendah dan menggunakan metode ekstraksi yang tepat.
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