PERAN EFIKASI DIRI DAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP STEREOTIP GENDER WANITA GENERASI Z BERWIRAUSAHA
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Abstract
Wanita memiliki potensi besar dalam dunia wirausaha, namun stereotip gender sering kali menjadi hambatan bagi wanita untuk memulai usaha. Generasi Z, sebagai generasi yang lebih inklusif terhadap kesetaraan gender memiliki potensi untuk mengembangkan intensi berwirausaha dibandingkan generasi sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh stereotip gender dan dukungan sosialterhadap intensi berwirausaha dengan menggunakan efikasi diri (ED) sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 169 wanita generasi Z yang berdomisili di Jakarta menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner secara daring dan luring, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis data Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stereotip gender tidak berpengaruh signifikan secara langsung terhadap intensi berwirausaha wanita Generasi Z. Namun, akan berpengaruh signifikan jika terdapat efikasi diri sebagai variabel mediasi. Selain itu, dukungan sosial terbukti dapat memengaruhi intensi berwirausaha secara signifikan, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui efikasi diri. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mengenai pentingnya peran efikasi diri dan dukungan sosial dalam pemberdayaan kewirausahaan berbasis gender guna menciptakan lingkungan kewirausahaan yang lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan untuk wirausaha wanita.
Women have significant potential in the entrepreneurial world; however, gender stereotypes often hinder women from starting their businesses. As a generation more inclusive toward gender equality, Generation Z has the potential to develop stronger entrepreneurial intentions than previous generations. This study examines the influence of gender stereotypes and social support on entrepreneurial intentions, using self-efficacy as a mediating variable. The study utilized a sample of 169 Generation Z women residing in Jakarta, selected using the purposive sampling method. Data was collected through online and offline questionnaire distribution and analyzed using Partial Least Square–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that gender stereotypes do not have a significant direct influence on the entrepreneurial intentions of Generation Z women. However, they do have a significant effect when mediated by self-efficacy. Furthermore, social support significantly influences entrepreneurial intentions directly and indirectly through self-efficacy. This study provides insights into the crucial role of self-efficacy and social support in gender-based entrepreneurial empowerment, aiming to create a more inclusive and sustainable entrepreneurial environment for women entrepreneurs.
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