LONELINESS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION DURING THE PANDEMIC

Main Article Content

Febriani Andika Putri
Roswiyani

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the correlation between loneliness and quality of life. Loneliness causes individuals to experience physical and psychological impacts. The physical impact of loneliness is the emergence of various diseases, and the psychological impact of individuals who experience loneliness are stress, anxiety, feelings of lack of social support, sadness, hopelessness, to increased symptoms of depression (Hawkley & Cacioppo, 2010). The study of loneliness among students is crucial, considering the impact of academic loneliness experienced by students will reduce their quality of life and interfere with their achievement (Rauschenberg et al., 2020). This research is quantitative research conducted on 184 colleagues from various universities in Indonesia. Spearman Rho's analysis described the correlation between loneliness and quality of life. The result showed a significant relationship between loneliness and quality of life with r (184) = -0.348, p <0.05. The results showed that loneliness had a significant relationship with quality of life. Students with moderate and severe depression symptoms experience greater loneliness, which may substantially decrease their quality of life. On the contrary, decreasing loneliness will improve the quality of life for students with depression symptoms. The result also found that female students were lonelier than males.

Article Details

Section
Articles

References

Ahadi, B., & Hassani, B. (2021). Loneliness and quality of life in older adults: the mediating role of depression. Ageing international, 46(3), 337-350.

Beridze, G., Ayala, A., Ribeiro, O., Fernández-Mayoralas, G., Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, V., Rojo-Pérez, F., Forjaz, M. J., & Calderón-Larrañaga, A. (2020). Are loneliness and social isolation associated with quality of life in older adults? Insights from Northern and Southern Europe. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(22), 8637.

Bonsaksen, T. (2012). Exploring gender differences in quality of life. Mental Health Review Journal.

Bu, F., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. (2020). Loneliness during lockdown: trajectories and predictors during the COVID-19 pandemic in 35,712 adults in the UK.

Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and aging, 21(1), 140.

Campos, A. C. V., Vargas, A. M. D., & Albala, C. (2014). Aging, Gender and Quality of Life (AGEQOL) study: factors associated with good quality of life in older Brazilian community-dwelling adults. Health and quality of life outcomes, 12(1), 1-11.

Chraif, M., & Dumitru, D. (2015). Gender differences on wellbeing and quality of life at young students at psychology. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 1579-1583.

Coombs, B. (2020). Loneliness is on the rise and younger workers and social media users feel it most. Cigna survey finds: CNBC.

Cooper, K. M., Gin, L. E., Barnes, M. E., & Brownell, S. E. (2020). An exploratory study of students with depression in undergraduate research experiences. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 19(2), ar19.

Dagnew, B., & Dagne, H. (2019). Year of study as predictor of loneliness among students of University of Gondar. BMC research notes, 12(1), 1-6.

Esteves, C. S., Oliveira, C. R. D., & Argimon, I. I. D. L. (2021). Social distancing: prevalence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Brazilian students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 589966.

Fadda, G., & Jirón, P. (1999). Quality of life and gender: a methodology for urban research. Environment and Urbanization, 11(2), 261-270.

Geirdal, A. Ø., Ruffolo, M., Leung, J., Thygesen, H., Price, D., Bonsaksen, T., & Schoultz, M. (2021). Mental health, quality of life, wellbeing, loneliness and use of social media in a time of social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-country comparative study. Journal of Mental Health, 30(2), 148-155.

Gil-Lacruz, M., Gil-Lacruz, A. I., & Gracia-Pérez, M. L. (2020). Health-related quality of life in young people: the importance of education. Health and quality of life outcomes, 18(1), 1-13.

Gould, C. E., Carlson, C., Alfaro, A. J., Chick, C. F., Bruce, M. L., & Forman-Hoffman, V. L. (2021). Changes in Quality of Life and Loneliness Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults Participating in Therapist-Guided Digital Mental Health Intervention. Frontiers in Public Health, 9.

Groarke, J., Berry, E., Wisener, L. G., McGlinchey, E., & Armour, C. (2020). Loneliness in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional results from the COVID-19 Psychological Well-being Study. PLoS ONE, 15(9), 1-18.

Guarte J. M., & Barrios, E. B. (2006). Estimation under purposive sampling. Communication in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 35(2), 277-284.

Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of behavioral medicine, 40(2), 218-227.

Heikkinen, R. L., & Kauppinen, M. (2004). Depressive symptoms in late life: a 10-year follow- up. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 38(3), 239-250.

Holmes, S., & Dickerson, J. (1987). The quality of life: design and evaluation of a self-assessment instrument for use with cancer patients. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 24(1), 15- 24.

Kasar, K. S., & Karaman, E. (2021). Life in lockdown: Social isolation, loneliness and quality of life in the elderly during the COVİD-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Geriatric Nursing, 42(5), 1222-1229.

Labrague, L. J., De los Santos, J. A. A., & Falguera, C. (2021). Social and emotional loneliness among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: the predictive role of coping behaviours, social support, and personal resilience.

Leigh-Hunt, N., Bagguley, D., Bash, K., Turner, V., Turnbull, S., Valtorta, N., & Caan, W. (2017). An overview of systematic reviews on the public health consequences of social isolation and loneliness. Public health, 152, 157-171.

Lim, M. H., Holt-Lunstad, J., & Badcock, J. C. (2020). Loneliness: contemporary insights into causes, correlates, and consequences. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 55(7), 789-791.

Lisitsa, E., Benjamin, K. S., Chun, S. K., Skalisky, J., Hammond, L. E., & Mezulis, A. H. (2020). Loneliness among young adults during COVID-19 pandemic: The mediational roles of social media use and social support seeking. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 39(8), 708-726.

Loades, M. E., Chatburn, E., Higson-Sweeney, N., Reynolds, S., Shafran, R., Brigden, A., Linney, C., MacManus, M., Borwick, C., & Crawley, E. (2020). Rapid systematic review: the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(11), 1218-1239.

Mohammed, T. F., Gin, L. E., Wiesenthal, N. J., & Cooper, K. M. (2022). The experiences of undergraduates with depression in online science learning environments. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 21(2), ar18.

Oakley, L. (2020). Exploring student loneliness in higher education. Springer International Publishing.

Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1981). Toward a social psychology of loneliness. Personal relationships, 3, 31-56.

Purnomo, A. W. A., Dwijayanti, M. D., & Sabtana, F. I. (2020). Gambaran Tingkat Kesepian dan Depresi Mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling Selama Pembelajaran Daring. Consilia: Jurnal Ilmiah Bimbingan dan Konseling, 3(3), 199-207.

Pusphadhini, M. (2021, July 22). Remaja rawan kesepian saat pandemi. Medcom. https://kumparan.com/bengawannews/penderita-gangguan-jiwa-di-indonesia-meningkat- selama-pandemi-1wh58r7dt0u

Rababah, J. A., Al-Hammouri, M. M., & Drew, B. L. (2020). The impact of health literacy on college students’ psychological disturbances and quality of life: a structural equation modeling analysis. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18(1), 1-9.

Rauschenberg, C., Schick, A., Goetzl, C., Roehr, S., Riedel-Heller, S. G., Koppe, G., Durstewitz, D., Krumm, S., & Reininghaus, U. (2021). Social isolation, mental health, and use of digital interventions in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationally representative survey. European Psychiatry, 64(1).

Reeve, K. L., Shumaker, C. J., Yearwood, E. L., Crowell, N. A., & Riley, J. B. (2013). Perceived stress and social support in undergraduate nursing students' educational experiences. Nurse education today, 33(4), 419-424.

Ribeiro, Í. J., Pereira, R., Freire, I. V., de Oliveira, B. G., Casotti, C. A., & Boery, E. N. (2018). Stress and quality of life among university students: A systematic literature review. Health Professions Education, 4(2), 70-77.

Rinaldi, M. R. (2021). Kesepian pada Mahasiswa selama Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan, 11(3), 267-277.

Rokach, A. (2013). Addressing Loneliness: Coping, Prevention and Clinical Interventions (Researching Social Psychology). Routledge.

Saxena, S., Carlson, D., Billington, R., & Orley, J. (2001). The who quality of life assessment instrument (whoqol-bref): The importance of its items for cross-cultural research. Quality of Life Research, 10(8), 711–721.

Shafiq, S., Nipa, S. N., Sultana, S., Rifat-Ur-Rahman, M., & Rahman, M. M. (2021). Exploring the triggering factors for mental stress of university students amid COVID-19 in Bangladesh: a perception-based study. Children and youth services review, 120, 105789.

Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, X., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on college students’ mental health in the United States: Interview survey study. Journal of medical internet research, 22(9), e21279.

Trybusińska, D. & Saracen, A. (2019). Loneliness in the context of quality of life of nursing home residents. Open Medicine, 14(1), 354-361.

World Health Organization. (2012, March 1). The world health organization quality of life (WHOQOL). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HIS-HSI-Rev.2012.03.

World Health Organization (2004). The World Health Organization: Quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). World Health Organization, Switzerland.

Yanguas, J., Pinazo-Henandis, S., & Tarazona-Santabalbina, F. J. (2018). The complexity of loneliness. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 89(2), 302.