POTENSI ENERGI BARU TERBARUKAN DI KAWASAN MARITIM INDONESIA: TINJAUAN TEKNOLOGI DAN TANTANGAN IMPLEMENTASI
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Abstract
Kawasan maritim Indonesia memegang peran krusial dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi dan konektivitas global. Sejalan dengan pertumbuhan populasi dan ekspansi industri di wilayah maritim, permintaan energi semakin meningkat. Namun, untuk menjaga ekologi dan ekosistem di wilayah ini, keberlanjutan pemenuhan energi memerlukan sumber yang bersih dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dan hambatan implementasi teknologi energi baru dan terbarukan di kawasan maritim di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode literature review dengan mengeksplorasi teknologi yang telah terimplementasi dan yang masih dalam pengembangan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa beberapa teknologi telah berhasil diimplementasikan, seperti PLTN Terapung, PLTS Terapung, energi angin lepas pantai, dan energi gelombang laut. Sedangkan, teknologi seperti konversi energi panas laut (OTEC), hidrogen dari air laut, dan biofuel dari mikroalga masih berada dalam tahap pengembangan. Sejumlah proyek yang telah diimplementasikan di Indonesia antara lain PLTS Terapung Cirata dan energi gelombang laut di Bali, sementara rencana pengembangan PLTN Terapung dari perusahaan Amerika Serikat dan OTEC bersama Jepang sedang dalam persiapan. Tantangan utama dalam implementasi teknologi energi baru dan terbarukan di kawasan maritim melibatkan aspek ekonomi, teknis, lingkungan, dan regulasi. Oleh karena itu, disarankan untuk meningkatkan investasi dalam riset dan pengembangan, memperkuat kerjasama internasional, serta merumuskan kebijakan yang mendukung implementasi teknologi energi baru di kawasan maritim. Dengan langkah-langkah ini, diharapkan Indonesia dapat mencapai transisi energi yang berkelanjutan dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan wilayah maritimnya.
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