Computational Propaganda in Hashtag Activism
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Abstract
The hashtag (#) has an important role in gathering Internet users' support for opinion and value. Computational propaganda has an important role in hashtag activism. This study wants to examine the role of computational propaganda actors such as anonymous political accounts, fake accounts and bot in social media that is able to mobilize the public and also increase the impression of Twitter audiences. The trend of Twitter hashtag activism #BebaskanIBHRS and #NegaraDamaiTanpaFPI began with the arrest of the chairman of the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) Habib Rizieq Shihab (HRS); the two trending hashtags massively influenced public opinion on Twitter on December 13-14 2020. This study uses a sample of 1000 tweets or conversations on each hashtags and uses Social Network Analysis (SNA) with the Netlytic tool which is able to provide quantitative values of communication networks, through the social network structure of #BebaskaniBHRS and #NegaraDamaiTanpaFPI. This study reveals how the network structure and what factors are carried out by anonymous political actors in carrying out computational propaganda. The results of this study reveal the hashtags activism #BebaskaniBHRS is much more capable of mobilizing the public and is able to generate greater impressions than #NegaraDamaiTanpaFPI. This is because #BebaskaniBHRS has a computational propaganda message in the form of a loaded language with a clear frame and the choice of words directly invites the Twitter public to get involved through a retweet another finding in this research shows computational propaganda movement in hashtag activism was carried out by large groups consisting of anonymous accounts and bot accounts on other side online media coverage about the trending of these hashtag's activism was also able to increasing public attention.
Tagar (#) memiliki peran penting dalam mengumpulkan dukungan pengguna Internet terhadap suatu opini dan nilai. Komputasi propaganda memiliki peran penting dalam aktivisme tagar. Penelitian ini ingin mengkaji peran aktor komputasi propaganda seperti akun anonim politik, akun palsu dan bot di media sosial yang mampu memobilisasi publik dan juga meningkatkan kesan khalayak Twitter. Tren aktivisme tagar Twitter #BebaskanIBHRS dan #NegaraDamaiTanpaFPI dimulai dengan penangkapan ketua Front Pembela Islam (FPI) Habib Rizieq Shihab (HRS); kedua tagar yang sedang trending tersebut secara masif memengaruhi opini publik di Twitter pada 13-14 Desember 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 1000 tweet atau percakapan pada masing-masing tagar serta menggunakan Social Network Analysis (SNA) dengan alat Netlytic yang mampu memberikan nilai kuantitatif jaringan komunikasi. Melalui struktur jejaring sosial #BebaskaniBHRS dan #NegaraDamaiTanpaFPI, kajian ini mengungkap seperti apa struktur jaringan komunikasi dan hal apa saja yang dilakukan oleh aktor politik anonim dalam melakukan komputasi propaganda. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa aktivisme tagar #BebaskaniBHRS jauh lebih mampu memobilisasi publik dan mampu menghasilkan impresi yang lebih besar dibandingkan #NegaraDamaiTanpaFPI. Hal ini dikarenakan #BebaskaniBHRS memiliki pesan komputasi propaganda dalam bentuk bahasa yang sarat dengan bingkai yang jelas dan pilihan kata secara langsung mengajak publik Twitter untuk terlibat melalui retweet.Temuan lain dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan gerakan komputasi propaganda dalam aktivisme tagar dilakukan oleh kelompok besar yang terdiri dari akun anonim dan akun bot di sisi lain liputan media daring tentang tren aktivisme tagar ini juga mampu meningkatkan atensi publik.
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