PERAN PENDEKTAN KONSELING BERBASIS DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY (DBT) DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMULIHAN TRAUMA PADA PEREMPUAN YANG MENGALAMI KDRT

Main Article Content

Diana Christina
Irwanto Irwanto

Abstract

Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga mengacu pada segala bentuk perilaku semena-mena yang tidak hanya berupa kekerasan fisik, tetapi juga kekerasan verbal dan seksual. Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah sebuah fenomena yang telah menarik perhatian dunia karena perilaku kasar yang diterima perempuan dari pasangannya dalam jangka panjang, yang mengarah pada konsekuensi buruk kesehatan mental seperti PTSD dalam bentuk pikiran yang mengganggu, mimpi buruk, kilas balik, hypervigilances, dan emosi-emosi negatif berlebih (kesedihan, kemarahan, kekecewaan, keputusasaan) yang dapat menyebabkan pikiran untuk bunuh diri. Dua wanita yang mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dan saat ini tinggal di tempat penampungan berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Mereka diberikan teknik konseling berbasis Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) untuk membantu mereka menerima pengalaman mereka tanpa dihakimi dan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas mereka untuk mengendalikan pikiran dan emosi mereka. Konseling berbasis DBT diberikan dalam tiga sesi; toleransi terhadap tekanan, mindfulness, dan regulasi emosi. Kami melibatkan dua peserta perempuan yang diberi tempat tinggal sementara. Screening menggunakan Beck Depression Index (BDI-II) yang menunjukkan setidaknya tingkat depresi menengah atas, dan checklist tentang jenis kekerasan, dampak fisik dan psikologis yang disebabkan oleh perilaku pasangannya yang kasar. Setelah tiga sesi konseling berbasis DBT, peserta mulai mendapatkan kendali atas hidup mereka, menunjukkan peningkatan dalam kepercayaan diri dan menjunjung tinggi keyakinan bahwa mereka dapat maju.

 

Domestic violence refers to any kind of abusive behavior that is not only physical, but also verbal and sexual violence. Domestic violence is a phenomenon that has garnered the worldwide attention due to the long term abusive behaviors that women have received from their partners, which leads to serious mental health consequences such as PTSD in the forms of intrusive thought, nightmares, flashback, hypervigilances, and overwhelming  negative emotions (sadness, anger, disappointment, hopelessness) that may lead to suicidal thoughts. Two women who experienced domestic abuse and currently living in a shelter particiated in this study. They were provided with a counseling technique based on (DBT) to help them accept their experiences without any judgement and to enhance their capacity to controlling their thoughts and emotion. Counseling based on DBT was given in three sessions; distress tolerance, mindfulness, and emotion regulation. We involved two female participants who were provided with a temporary shelter. Screening using a Beck Depression Index (BDI-II) showed at least moderate depression level and above, and a checklist form about the type of violence, physical and psychological impact caused by their abusive partner’s behavior. After three sessions of counseling based on DBT, participants started to gain control of their lives, show improvements in self-confidence and uphold a belief that they can move forward.

Article Details

Section
Articles
Author Biography

Diana Christina, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia

I am a clinical psyhologist and have a keen interest in domestic violence and refugees.

References

Sodikin A. Survei BPS: Satu dari Tiga Perempuan Indonesia Pernah Jadi Korban Kekerasan. Available from: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2017/04/05/07100021/survei.bps.satu.dari.tiga.perempuan.indonesia.pernah.jadi.korban.kekerasan

Altawian RS. The Impact of Domestic Violence on the Psychological Functioning of Saudi Arabian Female Students Studying in the United States A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of. Proquest. 2016;(December).

Association AP. Trauma [Internet]. American Psychological Association. American Psychological Association; 2018 [cited 2018Nov24]. Available from: https://www.apa.org/topics/trauma/

Blasco-ros C, Sánchez-lorente S, Martinez M. Recovery from depressive symptoms, state anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in women exposed to physical and psychological , but not to psychological intimate partner violence alone : A longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry [Internet]. 2010;10(1):98. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/10/98

Chetwin A. A review of the effectiveness of interventions for adult victims and children exposed to family violence Prepared for the Ministry of Social Development. 2013;(July).

DeJoghe ES, Bogat GA, Levendosky AA von EA. Women survivors of intimate partner violence and post-traumatic stress disorder : Prediction and prevention. 2008;54(4):294–300.

Lestari S. KDRT tertinggi dalam kekerasan atas perempuan di Indonesia - BBC News Indonesia [Internet]. BBC News. BBC Indonesia; 2017 [cited 2019Feb25]. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-39180341

Fitira E. Kekerasan pada Perempuan Selama 2017 Didominasi KDRT dan Pelecehan [Internet]. detiknews. Detiknews; 2018 [cited 2018Jun28]. Available from: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3903861/kekerasan-pada-perempuan-selama-2017-didominasi-kdrt-dan-pelecehan

Hansen NB, Eriksen SB, Elklit A. Effects of an intervention program for female victims of intimate partner violence on psychological symptoms and perceived social support. Eur J Psychotraumatol [Internet]. 2014;1:1–10. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163755/pdf/EJPT-5-24797.pdf

Hawley S. Australian takes up fight against Indonesia's deadly domestic violence taboo [Internet]. ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation; 2016 [cited 2019Feb25]. Available from: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-27/australian-expat-collecting-indonesian-domestic-violence-data/7968524

Howard LM, Trevellion K, Khalifeh H, Woodall A, Agnew-Davies R, Feder G. Domestic violence and severe psychiatric disorders: Prevalence and interventions. [Internet]. American Psychological Association. American Psychological Association; 2010 [cited 2019Jul27]. Available from: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-10691-001

Kolibonso RS. Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga [Internet]. Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga. Perkumpulan Bantuan Hukum Kalimantan; 2010 [cited 2018Jun26]. Available from: http://www.pbhk.org/kekerasan-dalam-rumah-tangga/

Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan. Peta Kekerasan Pengalaman Perempuan Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: KOMNAS Perempuan; 2002.

KOMNAS Perempuan. Catatan Tahunan (CATAHU) Komnas Perempuan Tahun 2017 [Internet]. Labirin Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan. KOMNAS Perempuan; 2017 [cited 2018Jun28]. Available from: https://www.komnasperempuan.go.id/reads-catatan-tahunan-kekerasan-terhadap-perempuan-2017.pdf

KOMNAS Perempuan. Catatan Tahunan (CATAHU) Komnas Perempuan Tahun 2018 [Internet]. Tergerusnya Ruang Aman Perempuan dalam Pusaran Politik Populisme. KOMNAS Perempuan; 2018 [cited 2018Jun28]. Available from: https://www.komnasperempuan.go.id/file/pdf_file/2018/SIARAN PERS 2018/Lembar Fakta Catahu 7 Maret 2018.pdf

Linehan MM. DBT Skills Training Manual. 2nd ed. New York: The Guilford Press; 2015.

Miller SA. Developmental Research Methods. 3rd ed. United States of America: Sage Publication, Inc; 2007.

Patton MQ. Qualitataive Research and Evaluation Methods. 3rd ed. United States of America: Sage Publication, Inc; 2002.

Schauer M, Neuner F, Elber T. Narrative Exposure Therapy: a short-term intervention for traumatic stress disorder after war, terror, or torture. Cambridge, United States of America: Hogrefe; 2005.

Trauma, Mental Health and Domestic Violence [no year]. English. Florida Coalition Against Domestic Violence; [cited 2018Jun28]. Available from: https://www.fcadv.org/projects-programs/trauma-mental-health-and-domestic-violence

U.S. National Library of Medicine. Domestic Violence in the 1970s – Circulating Now from NLM [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. National Institutes of Health; 2015 [cited 2018Jun26]. Available from: https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2015/10/15/domestic-violence-in-the-1970s/

World Health Organization. Understanding and addressing violence against women Intimate partner violence. World Health Organization. 2012; WHO/RHR/12:1–12.

World Health Organization. Violence against women; 2017 [cited 2019Jun28]. Available from: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women