GROUP ART THERAPY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SELF-ESTEEM REMAJA DI LPKA TNG
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood which is marked by physical and psychological changes, the desire to be free from authority, curiosity, the search for self-identity, and the formation of peer groups, and therefore, adolescence is an important period for the development of self-esteem. There are several psychological impacts experienced by adolescents in LPKA (Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak), one of which is low self-esteem. One way to increase self-esteem is to use art therapy. This study was conducted in TNG LPKA on 6 adolescents known as AR, SJ, MR, TA, PA, and AN who showed low self-esteem. Group interventions were conducted using group art therapy for eight sessions. This study uses semi-structured interviews, as well as the Draw-a-Person test, the BAUM test, and the Wartegg Zeichen Test; which were analyzed to obtain a comparative picture of self-esteem before and after group intervention. Based on the results of observations, Draw-a-Person and BAUM tests, an increase in self-esteem in the six participants was found, as well as attitudes and activeness in the group. The results of the Wartegg Zeichen Test differ for each participant. These results indicate that group art therapy is quite effective in increasing adolescent self-esteem in TNG LPKA.
Masa remaja merupakan masa peralihan antara masa anak-anak dan menuju ke masa dewasa yang ditandai dengan timbulnya perubahan fisik dan psikis, keinginan bebas dari kekuasaan, rasa ingin tahu, mencari dan menemukan identitas diri, serta pembentukan kelompok sebaya, sehingga pada masa remaja merupakan masa yang penting dalam perkembangan self-esteem. Terdapat beberapa dampak psikologis yang dialami remaja berada di LPKA (Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak), satu diantaranya adalah self-esteem yang rendah. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan self-esteem adalah dengan menggunakan art therapy. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di LPKA TNG terhadap 6 remaja dengan inisial AR, SJ, MR, TA, PA, dan AN yang menunjukkan indikasi self-esteem yang rendah. Intervensi kelompok dilakukan dengan menggunakan group art therapy selama delapan sesi. Penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur, serta tes Draw-a-Person, tes BAUM, dan Wartegg Zeichen Test; yang dianalisis untuk mendapatkan gambaran perbandingan self-esteem sebelum dan sesudah pemberian intervensi kelompok. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan tes Draw-a-Person serta BAUM, ditemukan peningkatan self-esteem pada keenam partisipan baik dari perubahan tingkat self-esteem serta dari sikap dan keaktifan dalam kelompok. Perbedaan hasil Wartegg Zeichen Test berbeda-beda dari setiap partisipan. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan group art therapy cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan self-esteem remaja di LPKA TNG.
Article Details
References
American Art Therapy Association. (2014). Art therapy. Diunduh dari www.arttherapy.org.
Brewster, L. (2014). The impact of prison arts progams on inmate attitudes and behavior: a quantitative evalution. Justice Policy Journal, 11(2), 1-28.
Buchalter, S. I. (2004). A practical art therapy. London: Jessica Kingsley Publisher.
Buchalter, S. I. (2009). Art therapy techniques and application. London: Jessica Kingsley Publisher.
Ghufron & Risnawita. 2011. Teori-teori Psikologi. Jogjakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.
Gussak, D. (2007). The effectiveness of art therapy in reducing depression in prison populations. International Journal of
Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 51(4), 444-460.
Hartz, L., & Thick, L. (2005). Art therapy strategies to raise self-esteem in female juvenile offenders: A comparison of art psychotherapy and art as therapy approaches. Art Therapy, 22(2), 70-80.
Kopytin, A., & Lebedev, A. (2013). Humor, self-attitude, emotions, and cognitions in group art therapy with war veterans. Art Therapy, 30(1), 20-29.
Kusuma, Yudha. (2015). Pengaruh bimbingan metode diskusi terhadap perubahan harga diri narapidana di Lapas Kelas II B Kota Mojokerto. Hospital majapahit, 7, 55-67.
Landgarten, H. (1981). Clinical art therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel Inc.
Liebmann, M. (2006). Art therapy for groups. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
Malchiodi, C. A. (2003). Handbook of art therapy. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Mousavi, M., & Sohrabi, N. (2014). Effects of art therapy on anger and self-esteem in aggressive children. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 113, 111-117.
Myers, D. (2005). Sosial Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Ogdon, D. P. (1996). Psychodiagnostics and personality assessment: A handbook (2nd ed). USA: Western Psychological Services.
Papalia, D. E., Olds, S. W., & Feldman, R. D. (2007). Human development (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Roghanchi, M., Mohamad, A. R., Mey, S. C., Momeni, K. M., & Golmohamadian, M. (2013). The effect of integrating rational emotive behavior therapy and art therapy on self-esteem and resilience. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 40(2), 179-184.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rubin, J. A. (2010). Introduction to art therapy: Sources and resources. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Withrow, R.L. (2004). The use of color in art therapy. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 43(1), 33-48.