APAKAH BEKERJA SECARA FLEXTIME MENDUKUNG CONTEXTUAL PERFORMANCE KARYAWAN?
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Abstract
Semakin majunya teknologi telekomunikasi dan digital memungkinkan karyawan untuk dapat bekerja secara flextime. Pilihan ini disikapi secara pro dan kontra di banyak perusahaan karena studi tentang dampak dari bekerja secara flextime masih jarang ditemukan dan menjadi perdebatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melanjutkan penelitian sebelumnya tentang benefit penggunaan flextime terhadap affective well-being dan untuk melihat peran lebih lanjut pada contextual performance (CP) karyawan di PT A. Penggunaan flextime didefinisikan sebagai sejauh mana karyawan memiliki kontrol untuk mengatur jam kedatangan, kepulangan, frekuensi istirahat dan durasi waktu istirahat dalam 1 (satu) hari kerja. Contextual performance adalah frekuensi karyawan melakukan perilaku yang mendukung organisasi secara sosial dan psikologis dalam pelaksanaan fungsi utama perusahaan. Affective well-being mengacu pada frekuensi dan intensitas emosi positif/ negatif dan mood partisipan dalam 1 (satu) bulan terakhir. Work-nonwork boundaries mengacu pada perilaku yang selama ini dilakukan untuk memisahkan mental (psikologis) karyawan antara peran di pekerjaan dan di rumah. Partisipan pada studi ini sebanyak 323 orang karyawan. Hasil pengujian dengan path analysis menggunakan SPSS menyatakan bahwa penggunaan flextime memiliki peran terhadap CP karyawan. Hal ini berarti semakin sering karyawan bekerja dalam mekanisme flextime, CP karyawan akan lebih baik, dan begitu pula sebaliknya. Beberapa temuan penting dan perbedaan dengan penelitian sebelumnya dijelaskan dalam kesimpulan, termasuk menyoroti perbedaan budaya responden. Untuk penelitian lebih lanjut, dapat menggunakan sampel dengan unit kerja yang lebih spesifik, dan/ atau menganalisa berdasar bentuk lain fleksibilitas kerja (flexplace dan temporal flexibility).
The advancement of telecommunication and digital technology allows employees to work flextime. This option is still perceived differently by many companies because studies of the effects of working flextime are scarce and still being debated. This study aims to continue previous research on the benefits of using flextime for affective well-being and to further see its role in the contextual performance (CP) of employees of PT A. The use of flextime is defined as the extent to which employees can alter their starting and finish times, break frequency and break time duration in 1 (one) working day. Contextual performance is the frequency of employees performing behaviors that support the organization socially and psychologically in the implementation of the company's main functions. Affective well-being refers to the frequency and intensity of positive / negative emotions and moods of participants in the past 1 (one) month. Work-nonwork boundaries refer to behaviors done to separate employees' mental (psychological) state between roles at work and at home. Participants in this study were 323 employees. Path analysis test results using SPSS states that the implementation of flextime plays a role in employee CP. This means that the more often employees work flextime, the better their CP will be, and vice versa. Some important findings and differences with previous research are explained in the conclusions, including a highlight on the cultural differences of respondents. Further research can utilize samples with more specific work units, and / or analyze based on other forms of work flexibility (flexplace and temporal flexibility).
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