PERAN EFIKASI DIRI DAN PERSEPSI IKLIM KELUARGA TERHADAP TERBENTUKNYA SIKAP PENGASUHAN DIGITAL PADA IBU DARI KAUM MARGINAL
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Abstract
Tingginya penggunaan perangkat digital dan internet oleh anak-anak di Indonesia, secara umum tidak diiringi dengan pendampingan dan aturan dari orang tua. Hal ini memicu potensi kesenjangan antara pengasuhan orang tua dan apa yang diterima oleh anak melalui perangkat digital dan internet. Saat ini pengasuhan digital menjadi kebutuhan orang tua untuk menerapkan strategi pola asuh terkait tuntutan peran dan tanggung jawab di era digitalisasi. Sikap pengasuhan digital adalah aspek kognitif dan emosional orang tua atas penggunaan perangkat digital yang digunakan oleh anak. Faktor yang turut mempengaruhi terjadinya sikap pengasuhan digital adalah efikasi diri pengasuhan digital dan iklim keluarga. Efikasi diri pengasuhan digital adalah keyakinan orang tua dalam mengelola penggunaan teknologi digital. Iklim keluarga meliputi aspek ikatan emosional, dukungan dan kontrol dalam keluarga. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui peran efikasi diri pengasuhan digital dan iklim keluarga terhadap sikap pengasuhan digital. Metode penelitian adalah kuantitatif non-experimental dengan teknik convenience sampling, menggunakan instrumen Digital Parenting Attitude, Digital Parenting Self-efficacy dan Family Climate. Partisipan penelitian sebanyak 485 ibu rumah tangga daerah marginal yang memiliki keterbatasan dalam pengasuhan karena faktor pendidikan, ekonomi, dan dukungan sosial; memiliki anak usia sekolah dasar; dan tidak bekerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efikasi diri pengasuhan digital dan iklim keluarga memiliki peran dalam membentuk sikap pengasuhan digital, dengan kontribusi yang lebih besar adalah efikasi diri pengasuhan digital. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi rancangan edukasi untuk ibu kaum marginal, agar lebih memahami perannya sebagai pengasuh digital dengan meningkatkan keyakinan penggunaan teknologi digital dan berkomunikasi dengan anak-anak.
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