Scoping Review Faktor Pelindung Psychological Well-Being (PWB) Mantan Child Soldier
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Abstract
Objective: Scoping review ini memetakan penelitian tentang faktor pelindung (protective factors) psychological well-being (PWB) mantan child soldier di dunia, juga mencatat protective factors PWB mantan child soldier keluar dari medan perang dan kembali ke kehidupan masyarakat biasa.
Introduction: Child soldier merupakan fenomena di mana anak di bawah 18 tahun direkrut menjadi tantara, serta direkrut oleh organisasi negara maupun non-negara. Fenomena child soldier ada disebabkan oleh faktor ekonomi rendah, kurangnya pendidikan, diculik, dipaksa, terpisah dengan keluarga, dan masih banyak lagi. Masing-masing dari mereka memiliki perannya sendiri, seperti menjadi tukang masak, petarung, budak seks hingga bom bunuh diri. Kerugian banyak dialami oleh orang yang menjadi child soldier, dari segi fisik hingga psikis dalam jangka panjang.
Inclusion criteria: Kriteria inklusi dalam penelitian ini adalah child soldier yang sudah keluar dari camp dan medan perang/mantan child soldier dari seluruh dunia; tidak ada batas usia minimum dan maksimum serta tidak ada batas berapa lama partisipan menjadi child soldier.
Methods: Dengan panduan metodologi scoping review dari JBI (JBI, 2020) dan menggunakan resources scoping review yang telah disediakan JBI (JBI, n.d.). Database yang digunakan adalah Google Scholar dan menggunakan penelitian dari 2013-2023 yang cocok dengan kriteria inklusi. Data diolah dengan metode kuantitatif, disajikan dengan tabel, diagram dan naratif.
Results: Terdapat enam (6) studi terkait topik ini yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, dengan tempat yang paling banyak digunakan untuk pengambilan data adalah Uganda, dan faktor pelindung yang paling banyak dibahas adalah variabel aktivitas dan human capital.
Conclusions: Terdapat kesenjangan pada daerah pengambilan data dan variabel yang diangkat serta data terakhir yang diambil dalam penelitian terkait kasus ini adalah tahun 2016. Keterbatasan akses terhadap studi dan hanya menggunakan satu database adalah kekurangan penelitian ini.
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This work is licensed under a Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.References
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