POLA ASUH YANG MEMUNCULKAN KEPRIBADIAN MACHIAVELLIANISM: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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Abstract
Orang tua merupakan sekolah dan pendidik pertama bagi individu. Oleh karena itu, bentuk pengasuhan berperan terhadap perkembangan individu di kemudian hari termasuk kepribadian Machiavellianism. Penelitian terdahulu menemukan bahwa penolakan dan juga pengabaian terhadap anak bisa menimbulkan Machiavellianism pada anak. Namun ada juga penelitian yang menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara pola asuh dengan kepribadian Machiavellianism. Untuk memperjelas hal ini, penelitian dengan metode systematic review dilakukan guna mencari tahu bentuk pola asuh apa saja yang berpotensi memunculkan kepribadian Machiavellianism pada individu. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui dua database yaitu Google Scholar dan Semantic Scholar dengan rentang waktu di antara 1998-2023. Penelitian haruslah (a) membahas terkait pola asuh dan kepribadian Machiavellianism; (b) diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggris maupun Indonesia; (c) memiliki kualitas jurnal yang baik; serta (d) open access. Sebanyak delapan artikel diikutsertakan pada analisis systematic review. Hasil menunjukkan tujuh dari delapan artikel menemukan adanya hubungan antara pola asuh dengan kepribadian Machiavellianism, sedangkan satu artikel lainnya tidak. Dari ketujuh artikel tersebut, pola asuh yang berperan terhadap kemunculan kepribadian Machiavellianism, yaitu (a) authoritarian: overproteksi, ayah yang keras, komunikasi yang buruk, serta alienasi oleh ibu; (b) neglect: penolakan serta pengabaian; dan (c) indulgent: tidak konsisten. Diharapkan hasil review bisa menjadi dasar dalam mengantisipasi dan mencegah peluang terbentuknya kepribadian Machiavellianism dalam proses pengasuhan.
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