KAJIAN TINGKAT KEBISINGAN PADA RUANG PAMERAN TETAP DI MUSEUM XY JAKARTA
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Abstract
Masalah umum pada ruang pameran tetap di museum adalah sunyi saat pengunjung sepi dan gaduh saat pengunjung ramai. Suasana yang sangat sunyi akan membuat suasana mencekam dalam ruang pameran tetap. Sebaliknya, suasana gaduh akan membuat pengunjung tidak nyaman selama berada dalam ruang pameran tetap. Adapun ambang batas Kuat suara <20 dB dalam suatu ruangan termasuk sunyi, susana ruangan akan terasa mencekam. Namun bila kuat suara dalam suatu ruangan melebihi 85 dB, maka kondisi suara dalam ruangan tersebut termasuk bising. Kondisi ruangan yang sunyi dan kondisi ruangan yang bising, akan tidak nyaman secara audio untuk manusia beraktivitas didalam ruangan tersebut. Untuk mengetahui rata-rata kuat suara didalam ruang pameran tetap Museum Nasional Indonesia, penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur yang Sound Level Meter, sebagai alat utamanya. Dan menggunakan alat bantu penelitian berupa Laser Length Meter untuk mengukur jarak sumber suaranya. Hasil perekaman dan pengukuran dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan standar kenyamanan audio. Hasil penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan data akustik yang berkaitan dengan kualitas suara, material pembentuk ruang yang mempengaruhi akustik, serta data perlengkapan audio yang dimiliki oleh Museum XY. Pada penelitian ini juga diperlukan data tingkat kepadatan pengunjung pada Ruang Pameran Tetap yang berpotensi besar terhadap tingkat kebisingan. Dengan mengetahui kondisi tersebut maka dapat dijadikan acuan nantinya dalam penataan ruang pameran tetap museum.
A common issue in the permanent exhibition hall in the museum is how it is quiet when visitors are silent and noisy when visitors are loud. A very quiet atmosphere creates a tense atmosphere in the permanent exhibition hall. Conversely, a noisy atmosphere will make visitors feel uncomfortable while being in the permanent exhibition hall. The sound intensity of <20 dB in a room is deemed quiet, and the atmosphere of the room will feel tense. However, if the sound intensity in a room exceeds 85 dB, then the sound condition in the room is deemed noisy. Quiet and noisy room conditions are uncomfortable for the hearing of those doing activities in said room. To find out the average sound intensity in the permanent exhibition room of the National Museum of Indonesia, this study uses Sound Level Meter measuring instrument, as the main tool. Another research aid in the form of a Laser Length Meter is used to measure the distance of the source of the sound. The results of the recording and measurement are analyzed quantitatively using standard audio comfort. The aims of this study are to obtain acoustic data related to sound quality, acoustic-affecting materials used for the construction of the room, and data of audio equipment owned by the XY Museum. In this study, it is also necessary to obtain data on the density of visitors in the Permanent Exhibition Room which largely contributes to noise level. By knowing these conditions, it can be used as a reference in arranging the permanent exhibition room of the museum.
Keywords: Threshold value, Noise level, Museum
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