KELAPARAN TERSEMBUNYI PADA ANAK DENGAN BERAT BADAN KURANG DI PEDESAAN PESISIR
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Abstract
Data UNICEF menunjukkan bahwa 50-59 persen anak Indonesia di bawah lima tahun (balita) pertumbuhannya tidak baik. Anak-anak yang pertumbuhannya tidak baik adalah korban dari kelaparan tersembunyi. Kelaparan tersembunyi menunjukkan kekurangan mikronutrien kronis yang pengaruhnya tidak langsung terlihat dan yang konsekuensinya bersifat jangka panjang dan mendalam. Banyak penelitian terobosan tentang masalah kelaparan tersembunyi telah dilakukan dalam dua dekade terakhir, namun tetap banyak pertanyaan mengenai fenomena ini dan cara terbaik untuk mengatasinya. Dibandingkan dengan wilayah non-pesisir, angka kematian jauh lebih tinggi di wilayah pesisir. Oleh karena itu, kajian ini penting dilakukan, untuk mengetahui bagaimana kelaparan tersembunyi pada anak dengan berat badan kurang di wilayah pesisir. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan kepada lima keluarga dengan anak yang berat badannya kurang (Kartu Menuju Sehat di area warna kuning), tentang karakteristik sosio-demografis, praktik pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) dan Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPAS), dan tanda umum kekurangan vitamin dan mineral. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor sosio demografis berhubungan dengan berat badan anak kurang, dari 5 orang anak, 1 orang anak memiliki semua gejala defisiensi mikronutrien yang terjadi bersamaan (stunting), 4 orang anak memiliki tiga-empat gejala defisiensi mikronutrien. Kekurangan vitamin dan mineral yang paling umum adalah seng, folat, vitamin A, dan vitamin D. Praktik pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPASI) masih belum memenuhi 4 syarat, yaitu: kurang tepat waktu, tidak adekuat, kurang higienis, dan kurang memperhatikan sinyal rasa lapar dan kenyang seorang anak. Dari penelitian ini disarankan adanya program untuk memperbaiki defisiensi mikronutrien dan mencegah terjadinya, penyebaran informasi gizi dan ASI, serta pendekatan berbasis pangan berkelanjutan lainnya.
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