STUDI META ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS CBT UNTUK KECEMASAN PADA GANGGUAN BIPOLAR
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Abstract
Bipolar affective disorder (bipolar) is a multicomponent disease involving episodes of severe mood disorders, neuropsychological deficits, immunological and physiological changes, and impairments in functioning.In addition to being characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania, depression, and a mixed state of the three, often followed by high rates of comorbidity with other mental illnesses.One of the therapeutic alternatives offered is with psychotherapy with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). CBT is best form of psychoteraphy choosen that is used to treat anxiety in people with bipolar disorder. Nevertheless, the results obtained are still not consistent and can be generalized. The purpose of this study was to determine the overall difference in anxiety disorders in bipolar patients after being given CBT and the significance effect. The research method is a meta-analysis. The articles used are searched from various databases and selected using PRISMA. The results of the synthesis and processing of data showed that there were differences in symptoms of anxiety disorders after being given CBT and the overall point effect size estimate was 0.89 with p<0.05 indicating a high effect, thus giving a conclusion that CBT was effective for use as a therapy to overcome anxiety in bipolar disorder. Limitations and suggestions for further research, especially control of sampling. Strengths, limitations, and the need for future research are discussed.
Gangguan afektif bipolar (bipolar) adalah penyakit multikomponen yang melibatkan episode gangguan mood yang parah, defisit neuropsikologis, perubahan imunologis dan fisiologis, dan gangguan dalam keberfungsian. Selain ditandai dengan adanya episode mania, hipomania, depresi, serta keadaan campuran dari ketiganya, seringkali diikuti oleh tingginya angka komorbiditas dengan penyakit mental lainnya. Salah satu alternatif terapi yang ditawarkan adalah dengan psikoterapi dengan cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). CBT menjadi salah satu pilihan psikoterapi yang digunakan untuk mengatasi kecemasan pada penderita bipolar. Namun demikian, hasil yang didapatkan masih belum konsisten dan dapat digeneralisasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara keseluruhan perbedaan gangguan kecemasan pada pasien bipolar setelah diberikan CBT dan seberapa besar efeknya. Metode penelitian adalah meta analisis. Artikel yang digunakan dicari dari berbagai database dan dipilih dengan menggunakan PRISMA. Hasil sintesis dan pengolahan data menunjukan ada perbedaan gejala gangguan kecemasan setelah diberi CBT. Hasil statistik menunjukan signifikansi yang tinggi dan estimasi poin effect size menyeluruh adalah 0,89 dengan signifikansi p<0.05 mengindikasikan efek yang tinggi, sehingga memberi kesimpulan CBT efektif untuk digunakan sebagai terapi mengatasi kecemasan pada bipolar. Keterbatasan dan saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya yaitu control yang dilakukan pada saat melakukan sampling. Kekuatan, keterbatasan, dan kebutuhan untuk penelitian masa depan juga dibahas.
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