MENGGAMBAR MANDALA SEBAGAI SARANA INDIKATOR POTENSI DEPRESI PADA REMAJA
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Abstract
Depresi adalah gangguan mental yang sering muncul dengan suasana hati sedih, hilang rasa senang atau minat, dan energi berkurang sehingga akan mengganggu aktivitas maupun kegiatan sehari-hari. Gangguan depresi mengalami peningkatan selama masa remaja, dan mulai teriadi di usia 15 tahun. Tanpa perawatan yang efektif, depresi dapat menyebabkan kondisi yang lebih parah termasuk psikosis, melukai diri sendiri bahkan tindakan bunuh diri. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan asesmen awal dalam mendiagnosis gangguan depresi. Salah satu alat dasar untuk screening yang dapat digunakan untuk mendiagnosis gangguan depresi adalah metode proyektif. Metode proyektif yang digunakan adalah mandala yaitu kegiatan menggambar bebas di dalam lingkaran. Penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan mandala sebagai alat asesmen terhadap wanita yang mengalami kanker payudara, serta sebagai pre-test post-test dalam menurunkan kecemasan dan depresi pada wanita dewasa awal dengan systemic lupus erythematosus (Elkis-Abuhoff et al., 2009; Trisnaramawati, 2019). Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambar mandala sebagai sarana untuk melihat indikator potensi depresi pada remaja. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif eksploratori, dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 93 orang berusia dari 15-17 tahun. Kuesioner Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) digunakan sebagai screening untuk mendapatkan gambaran tingkat depresi pada partisipan. Gambar mandala diklasifikasi berdasarkan empat karakteristik, yaitu (a) ukuran lingkaran, (b) letak/posisi gambar, (c) bentuk lingkaran, dan (d) tekanan garis pada lingkaran. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mandala belum dapat digunakan sebagai alat dasar screening terhadap gejala depresi. Namun ada kemungkinan mandala lebih tepat digunakan sebagai terapi bukan sebagai asesmen. Walaupun dalam penelitian ini terdapat perbedaan persentase kelompok severe (berat) dan none (minimal) depresi, namun pembedaan tersebut belum menunjukkan konsistensi, dan masih membutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut.
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