GAMBARAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL, STRES, DAN ATTACHMENT PADA IBU DENGAN ANAK AUTISME DALAM MENGHADAPI PANDEMIK
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Abstract
Pandemics change a lot of activities, as well as patterns of activity of children with autism and interaction. Mothers as caregivers have to put in more effort to care for children during the pandemic so that stress levels also increase. This study aimed to see a picture of social support, stress and attachment to mothers with children with autism in a pandemic meeting. Participants in this study were 4 mothers who have children with autism. Sampling was done by convenience sampling. The method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological design. The results shows that during the pandemic, the stress experienced by mothers with autism children who were received at a secondary assessment, understood their resources for coping and elicited emotional reactions such as anxiety that would develop rapidly. The attachment style of mothers with autism children is secure attachment based on the results of interviews, such as conducting joint interactions (meeting, playing, doing assignments, being responsive to needs and doing activities together) making necessary contact and adaptation to the pandemic. The description of social support during the pandemic of mothers with autistic children is a significant other, such as psychologists, baby sitters, and therapists. The main social support are direct assistance and information about the daily routine schedule that will be given to children
Pandemik membuat banyak aktivitas berubah, begitu pula pola aktivitas anak dengan autisme dan ibunya. Ibu sebagai pengasuh utama harus mengeluarkan lebih banyak usaha untuk mengasuh anak pada masa pandemik sehingga tingkat stres juga meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran dukungan sosial, stres dan attachment pada ibu dengan anak autisme dalam menghadapi pandemik. Partisipan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 4 ibu yang memiliki anak dengan autisme. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan convenience sampling. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambaran stres selama pandemik yang dialami para ibu dengan anak autisme mengacu pada penilaian secondary appraisal, mengetahui sumber daya mereka untuk melakukan coping dan memunculkan reaksi emosional seperti cemas akan perkembangan anaknya. Gambaran attachment selama pandemik para ibu dengan anak autisme adalah secure attachment berdasarkan hasil wawancara, seperti melakukan interaksi bersama (kehadiran, bermain, mengerjakan tugas, responsif terhadap kebutuhan dan melakukan kegiatan bersama-sama) sehingga cenderung dapat menghadapi dan adaptasi terhadap situasi pandemik. Gambaran dukungan sosial selama pandemik para ibu dengan anak autisme adalah significant other yaitu tenaga profesional seperti psikolog, babysitter, terapis dan pihak sekolah berupa bantuan langsung maupun informasi mengenai jadwal rutinitas sehari-hari yang akan diberikan kepada anak dengan autisme sehingga ibu dengan anak autisme tetap dapat melakukan kegiatan dalam situasi pandemik secara optimal.
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