THE APPLICATION OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ANALYSIS (HIRA) AND FAULT TREE ANALYSIS (FTA) METHODS FOR CONTROLLING OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS IN MIXING DIVISION DEWA-DEWI FARM

Occupational accident is one thing that should be avoided, considering occupational accident has very harmful effects for boh the company and the labours. Dewa-Dewi Farm is a poultry farm which has four main divisions, which is mixing division is one of them. There are 5 main activities in mixing division, such as receiving and testing, weighing, grinding, mixing and distributing the feed. All work activities work in mixing division potentially bring out accidents. Identify Hazards is necessary to minimize accidents. Hazard identification and risk analysis (HIRA) is a method of identifying hazards potential that may occur in a job. By using HIRA known that the five main activities potentially face risk of occupational accident such as earaches, muscle injury, shortness of breath, sore eyes, slipping, falling, strucking, electric shock, burns and skin allergies. After identifying the problem with HIRA method is completed then carried out a risk assessment based on two criteria: likelihood (probability) and severity (impact) should be done. Based on the risk assessment there are 2 extreme-risk, 7 high risk, 4 mediumrisk and 12 low-risk activities. The next method used is Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) which is a method of error analysis by direct observation and interviews, which then were visualized with a model of the fault tree. Analysis of the causes of accidents using FTA method shows the source of the risks posed by unsafe action and unsafe condition that is the wrong way of working and poor working environment. There are several recommendations given such as instructional the best way about manual lifting, provision of tools and personal protective equipment, and improve the working environment.


INTRODUCTION
Occupational accidents often occur in Indonesia, due to the requirements in the implementation of occupational safety and health is overlooked. Referring to the data in the Social Security and BPJS 2013, 9 people die every day as a result of workplace accidents in Indonesia. The lack of Indonesian public awareness about safety as provided by the data that reveal no more than 2.1% of the 15,000 largest companies in Indonesia use safety management in their company [1]. Occupational accident can be caused by two things: unsafe condition and unsafe action [2]. Unsafe condition is work accidents caused by poor working environment, while unsafe action is a work accident caused by the actions of workers who are not safe [3]. Prevention and reduction of the risk occurring necessary to reduce accidents. Prevention and risk reduction begins with finding sources of workplace accidents.
Dewa-Dewi Farm is a poultry farm with a capacity of 13000 hens. At Dewa-Dewi Farm labor directly involved in the production process, where the production process is a manual activity, and semiautomatic (human as operator). However, risk management and safety management has never been applied to the Dewa-Dewi Farm, resulting in the high number of accidents. There are different types of methods of identification of potential hazards in the workplace such as hazard identification and risk analysis (HIRA) and fault tree analysis (FTA) where HIRA is a method of identifying potential hazards that might occur in a job and FTA is a method of analysis errors by making direct observations and interviews were visualized with a model of the fault tree [4,5] These methods are methods of identifying potential hazards that may occur in a working system.
Hazard identification is a systematic effort to identify all situations or events that have the potential to cause accidents that may occur in the workplace. There are various types of methods that can be used in identification of hazards. That methods are classified into three parts, they are the passive method, the semi proactive method, and proactive methods. Passive method is the identification of the hazards to which workers experience danger directly, semi proactive method is used based on the other workers experience, whereas a proactive method is a method of identifying hazards carried out before workers experiencing accident [3].
Proactive hazard identification method is the best identifying hazards method compared to the others, because the workers do not experience the accident directly, but it is analyzed before the accident happend on workers. In the other words, proactive hazard identification method is preventive or prevent the occurrence of hazards in a work environment. There are several proactive hazard identification methods include the Job Safety Analysis (Job Safety Analysis), Preliminary Hazard Analysis, What-If Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, Analysis of Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP), Analysis of Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis (HIRA), and various other methods [3].
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) FTA method often used to analyze the failure of the system. FTA is a method of analysis undesired event occurs in the system. and then the system is analyzed by environmental conditions and existing operasiobnal to find all the possible ways that lead to the occurrence of the undesired event [6]. Cause undesired event and the probability of occurrence can be determined by using the method of FTA. to find the cause of undesired event is with qualitative analysis, while searching for the probability, with quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is used to determine which parts of the system so that it can be repaired and prevention based on the failure of existing prevention so that similar events do not recur [7].

LITERATURE REVIEW
Symbols and Terminology in the Fault Tree. Fault tree is a tree in which the error is built on certain symbols that represent an event.
To construct a fault tree there are three main symbols, they are symbols of events, symbols of gate, and symbol of transfer [7,8]. Symbol of event is a symbol which denotes an event or events. There are five event symbols in fault tree: basic event, undeveloped event, conditioning event, an incident.
T top event occurs if event A occurs or event B occurs. A basic event occurrence is not Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis (HIRA) is a method of identifying potential hazards that might occur in a job [9]. In the method of information obtained HIRA is a description of each work activity, hazard, hazard classifications, as well as the impact of hazards [3]. There are three main points contained in the HIRA method is what is the cause of danger or accident, how big the impact of workplace accidents, work accidents and how often they occur.
Risk Assessment. HIRA method is very closely related to the risk assessment that the risk assessment would be a hazard in a work activity is very important to do. There are several factors is can be used to provide an assessment of the risk that the frequency of occurrence of hazards and the impact caused by the hazard [9]. The risk assessment is based on the frequency of occurrence

RESEARCH METHODS
This research features a number of data which is then analyzed and compared with the actual situation, so that from it can be given solving ongoing problems. hopefully can obtaining better results than before. This research carried out on a poultry farm called Dewa-Dewi Farm in Blitar, East Java and done within 2 months starting from January-February 2015 and March-April 2015. This research refers to the control of the level of work accidents by using HIRA and FTA Data Collection Methods At this stage, the collection of data relating to accidents that occur on Dewa-Dewi Farm last year. Data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained directly from the source, while the secondary data is data obtained through company documents as well as documents from outside the company related to the research. following explanation of the methods used, Interview, Focus Group Discussion, Documentary Studies, Literatures.
Data Processing: All data were obtained both primary data and secondary data further processed to achieve the research objectives have been determined. From these data to identify problems, risk analysis, and risk assessment.
Step-by-step risk assessment described in section 2.7.2 of risk assessment. Risks classified as mild risk category is analyzed using methods HIRA, while the risks are classified as moderate and severe risk was analyzed by HIRA and FTA. In this study, the risk of a relatively mild risk was analyzed by using the method of HIRA. Data processing aims to determine the risks that may occur in any work activities in the company. Work activities were observed in the present study is the work activity feed raw material receiving section (receiving) in animal feed storage warehouses, as well as the activities of the production process (production) ie mixing several feed materials into ready-made fodder. From the images can be obtained Boolean equation is as follows: Qualitative analysis is used to obtain a combination of failures that can cause the top event occurred on a system or a minimal cut set of this can be known how many basic event that could lead to the top event occurs. Please note if there are two basic event in a minimal cut set. Means both basic event affecting the top event occurs [7]. For example, the results of qualitative analysis in Figure 2.
Analysis of the results is based on the results of the implementation is done in the company. In this case analysis of the use of methods HIRA and FTA. From this analysis than if after the implementation of the company there is a decrease or increase in the number of accidents at the company. Conclusions and suggestions The last stage of this study is to provide conclusions and recommendations on the overall report based on the results of the analysis in the field.   Work Activity Risk Assessment HIRA method is closely related to risk assessment, risk assessment was conducted to determine the level of the possibility of accidents in a work activity. The risk assessment is based on likelihood criteria (Table 1) and severity criteria ( Table 2). Results of the assessment of risk based on both of these criteria is a risk matrix that shows the level of risk each work activity.         Severity  0  mixing feed  1  Turn on the mixer machine  2  2  low  2  Incorporate feed into the machine mixer  2  3  medium  3  Turn off the mixer engine  2  2  low  4  Turn off generator  3  4  extreme  5 Entering re-feed that is mixed into sacks sacks 2 2 low 6

RESULT AND DISCUSION
Moving the feed material into the cart and ready to be distributed 2 2 low Causes of Accidents. Through a risk assessment using the HIRA, it can be seen any occupational accidents that are often experienced by workers and occupational accidents anything that has not happened yet have a probability or likelihood would occur if not given special treatment. Provide referrals or information about how to manually lifting (lifting the load without the help of tools) are correct; provide tools such as wheelbarrows or forklifts for workers, Heavy loads are advised to be appointed 2 or more workers, Replace the existing payment system • Recommendation for Reduce Falling Accident: Provide tools for workers forklift, Heavy loads are advised to be appointed 2 or more workers, Replace warehouse lamp with a new lamp, Provide shoe or anti-skid footwear so that workers do not fall from a height. Provide tools for workers forklift, Heavy loads are advised to be lifted two or more workers, Replace warehouse lamp with a new lamp Provide shoe or anti-skid footwear, Clean the location where the generator is located at regular intervals, Provide symbols indicate floor slippery, Switch the generator location to location safer.
• Recommendation for Reduce Electic Shock Accident: Perform regular maintenance, check the generator cord periodically, Provide hazard symbols such as "Beware of high voltage", Arrange the cable on the generator so it does not fall apart, Moving the location of the generator to the place safer • Recommendation for Reduce Sunburn and Allergies: To check the composition of chicken feed prior to the message, Building roof closed so workers are not exposed to direct sunlight, Apply sunscreen use for workers.
• Recommendation for Reduce Ear Ache: Replace the old engine with a new engine which is more friendly noise pollution and air pollution, Provide ear protectors, Rearrange the machine that are not adjacent to one another, Provide a warning sign to the officer • Recommendation for Reduce Sore Eyes: Replace warehouse lamp with a new lamp Provide google or eye protection, Provide eye drug as first aid equipment, Provide warning signs using safety equipment.

• Recommendation for Reduce Breathless:
Provide a protective mask to protect the respiratory form of the workers, Replacing obsolete machines with new engines more environmentally friendly or gas combustion produces fewer, Provide a breathing apparatus such as an oxygen tank as a first aid worker who experience shortness of breath, Provide warning signs using safety equipment.
• Recommendation for Reduce Struck down Accident: Provide tools for workers forklift, Provide 128 adequate rest periods for workers. Heavy loads are advised to be lifted two or more workers, Provide symbols indicate that watchful pile fell prone. Implementation after giving a recommendation for any kind of work accident that the next thing is to compare results before and after the work accident implentasi done. In this situation given the limitations of time and expense it is not all the recommendations proposed research conducted by the company. In addition the results of the implementation will be compared with an average of workplace accidents in the period of 1 year. The following is a comparison of the risk assessment carried out before and after implementation.

CONCLUSION
Hazard identification by using HIRA, risk assessment, as well as analysis of the causes of accidents by using the FTA is an effort made to prevent and reduce accidents on the feed mixing division Dewa-Dewi Farm. Overall the dangers that occur due to the condition of the workers do its job in a way that is wrong or unsafe (unsafe action) and poor working conditions (unsafe condition) Analysis of the causes of accidents by using the FTA shows that each work activities have a source of risk is different. Based on the human error factor workplace accidents occur due to lack of knowledge workers in doing good manual lifting. While most of the accidents that occur due to environmental factors such as poor working conditions of the room without a ceiling, dark work space, work space slippery, noisy work space, work space dusty and smoky, and the machines are obsolete. Based on the results of the analysis are given recommendations for improvements to reduce and prevent the occurrence of occupational accidents in the feed mixing division Dewa-Dewi Farm. Extreme and high-risk activities should be carried out improvement considering the probability of occurrence and impact of occurrence is often very serious. How that is done to control workplace accidents in this research is to conduct administrative business with the notification correct way of working, a good manual lifting and suggested concentration and adequate rest for the workers. Besides the provision of working tools such as wheelbarrows, mask, google, ear protectors is also an effort made to reduce and prevent accidents. Improvement and replacement and maintenance of some of the tools that have been unsuitable as a warehouse lamp replacement, generator cable is also an effort made.