THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF GRACIOUSNESS SCALE FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: May 25, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24912/ijassh.v1i2.27848
Keywords:
Graciousness unidimensional exploratory factor analysis

Main Article Content

Pamela Hendra Heng
Faculty of Psychology, University Tarumanagara Jakarta
Fransisca Iriani R. Dewi
Faculty of Psychology, University Tarumanagara Jakarta
Jolly S. Balila
Research Office, Adventist University of the Philippines
Edwin A. Balila
Faculty of Psychology, University Tarumanagara Jakarta
Respati Kusumawardhani
Faculty of Psychology, University Tarumanagara Jakarta
Andre Genta Senjaya
Faculty of Psychology, University Tarumanagara Jakarta

Abstract

Graciousness is one of the important virtues a person should possess. A gracious person can be described as kind and caring no matter what the situation is. They treat others with consideration, and with respect despite disagreement. There is a dearth of scales to measure graciousness. With this premise, this research was conducted to develop a graciousness scale and test its dimensionality. Data were taken from 212 tertiary students from Indonesia and Philippines. The scale consisted of 20 items and was first assumed to be unidimensional. The exploratory factor analysis was conducted and generated a three-factor structures trimming down 20-item graciousness scale into 13-item scale. Factors 1, 2, and 3 are respectively describing respondents’ Altruism, Interpersonal Skills, and Pleasantness. The total variance accounted for is 56.233%. Altruism accounted a variance of 24.781%, while Interpersonal Skills and Pleasantness accounted 16.424% and 15.027% respectively with a determinant of .023. This graciousness scale has theoretical and practical implications that can be used for further research.

Article Details

Issue
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): May 2023
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

Baumann, D. (2015). Gracious mindset: Practicing respectful interpretations [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania.

Giovanis, E., & Ozdamar, O. (2022). Who is left behind? Altruism of giving, happiness and mental health during the Covid-19 period in the UK. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 17(1), 251–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09900-8

Jasielska, D. (2020) The moderating role of kindness on the relation between trust and happiness. Current Psychology, 39, 2065–2073. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9886-7

Ko, K., Margolis, S., Revord, J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2019). Comparing the effects of performing and recalling acts of kindness. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1663252

Layous, K., Nelson, S. K., Jaime L. Kurtz, J. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2016). What triggers prosocial effort? A positive feedback loop between positive activities, kindness, and well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1198924

Nguyen, N. C., Banson, K. E., Bosch, O. J. H., Nguyen, T. V., Tan, L., Goh, G., Lim, O., & Jupary, Z. (2016). The economic importance of social graciousness index: A systemic approach to Singapore case. International Journal of Markets and Business Systems, 2(2), 102–125.

Noronha, A. P. P., & Campos R. R. F. (2018). Relationship between character strengths and personality traits. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 35(1), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752018000100004

Polizzi, C., Lynn, S. J., & Perry, A. (2020). Stress and coping in the time of COVID-19: Pathways to resilience and recovery. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(2), 59-62. https://doi.org/10.36131/CN20200204