WIRAUSAHAWAN DAN ?BERMENSCH: BERGURU PADA NIETZSCHE

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Urbanus Ura Weruin

Abstract

This article from the library research using the content analysis method explores the image of entrepreneurs in general and the description of the 'superman' or '?bermensch' according to the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. The results of this literary research show that the characteristics of 'superhuman' according to Nietzsche match the picture of the image of businessmen and entrepreneurs in the economy. An entrepreneur is a person who has the ability and desire to explore, establish, and manage resources for profit. What is needed for an entrepreneur is an innovative, creative, visionary, autonomous, free attitude, a passion to excel, dare to overcome ‘his own self', be pro-active, and look for new ways of doing business, new products, and new services. This kind of character fits the image of 'superman' according to Nietzsche's view, namely humans who have the will to power, are brave, creative, active, confident, never satisfied with themselves, overcome themselves and the world, are free, and are creators of their own values. So from Nietzsche's thinking about 'superman', entrepreneurs can learn about creative-destruction, self-autonomy, courage to overcome challenges, consciousness of success and failure in business as a school of life, creative, and innovative. The entrepreneur's business innovation is only possible if he dares to attack "idols", convenience, and all that is established. Like a philosopher today, entrepreneurs are people who open the veil and whip up economic growth. Therefore, Nietzsche's contribution to superman image is not only necessary but also important and relevant for understanding entrepreneurship. In line with Nietzsche's thinking, business and entrepreneurship are not only dealing with economic problems but must be seen as a part of the struggle for life; a field of 'war' that must be won. ?bermensch is a hero who won the struggle to be human. Business is a way of 'being' as a human being.


Artikel hasil penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi ini mengeksplorasi citra wirausahawan pada umumnya dan gambaran tentang ‘manusia super’ atau ‘?bermensch’ menurut filsuf Jerman Friedrich Nietzsche. Hasil penelitian literer ini memperlihatkan bahwa karakteristik ‘manusia super’ menurut Nietzsche cocok dengan gambaran tentang citra para pebisnis dan wirausahawan dalam ekonomi. Wirausahawan adalah orang yang memiliki kemampuan dan keinginan untuk mengeksplorasi, mendirikan, mengelola sumber daya untuk meraih keuntungan. Yang diperlukan bagi seorang wirausahawan adalah sikap inovatif, kreatif, visioner, otonom, bebas, hasrat untuk berprestasi, berani mengatasi ‘diri sendiri’, pro-aktif, dan mencari cara baru dalam menjalankan bisnis, produk baru, dan jasa baru. Karakter semacam ini cocok dengan citra ‘manusia super’ menurut pandangan Nietzsche yakni manusia yang memiliki kehendak untuk berkuasa, berani, kreatif, aktif, percaya diri, tidak pernah puas dengan diri sendiri, mengatasi diri sendiri dan dunia, bebas, serta pencipta nilainya sendiri. Maka dari pemikiran Nietzsche tentang ‘manusia super’, wirausahaan bisa belajar tentang destruksi-kreatif, otonomi diri, berani mengatasi tantangan, kesadaran bahwa sukses dan gagal dalam bisnis sebagai sekolah kehidupan, kreatif, serta inovatif. Inovasi bisnis para wirausahawan hanya mungkin bila ia berani menyerang "berhala", kenyamanan, dan segala hal yang mapan. Laksana seorang filsuf zaman ini wirausahawan adalah orang yang menyibak tabir dan melecut pertumbuhan ekonomi. Maka sumbangan pemikiran Nietzsche tentang ?bermensch tidak hanya perlu melainkan juga penting dan relevan  untuk memahami kewirausahaan. Sejalan dengan pemikiran Nietzsche, bisnis dan wirausaha bukan hanya berurusan dengan persoalan ekonomi melainkan harus dilihat sebagai bagian dari perjuangan hidup; ladang ‘peperangan’ yang harus dimenangkan. ?bermensch adalah pahlawan yang memenangkan perjuangan menjadi diri manusia sendiri. Bisnis harus dilihat sebagai cara manusia ‘mengada’.

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