KANKER PARU, FAKTOR RISIKO DAN PENCEGAHANNYA
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. In Indonesia, lung cancer is the third rank after breast cancer and cervical cancer. The major risk factor associated with lung cancer is smoking, while other factors are age over 50 years, genetics, exposure to carcinogens and unhealthy lifestyle. The risk of developing lung cancer can be prevented through lifestyle modifications, including not smoking, avoiding air pollution, and consuming diet high in vegetables and fruit. Health education aims to raise public awareness of the impact of lung cancer, as well as to understand and implement prevention efforts. A health education was carried out to health cadres in the Tomang Sub-district, West Jakarta online using the Zoom application on September 18, 2021.Before and after the health education, participants filled out a set of questionnaires to determine their level of knowledge regarding the topic. Statistical analysis paired T-test was applied to determine the difference in the levels of knowledge before and after health education. Of the 38 participants, the average pre-test and post-test scores were 73.03 (SD 9.58) and 74.78 (SD 9.59) respectively, with a p-value of 0.324. Changes in attitude to advise and motivate smokers to quit smoking increased after counseling by 81.6% and 63.2%, with p-values of 0.881 and 0.179, respectively. Thus, health education improves knowledge and attitudes towards lung cancer prevention, although it is not statistically significant.
Kanker paru merupakan kanker terbanyak kedua di dunia. Di Indonesia, kanker paru merupakan urutan ketiga setelah kanker payudara dan kanker serviks. Faktor utama terkait dengan kanker paru adalah merokok; sedangkan faktor lainnya adalah usia di atas 50 tahun, genetik, paparan karsinogen dan gaya hidup tidak sehat. Risiko terkena kanker paru dapat dicegah melalui modifikasi gaya hidup, termasuk tidak merokok, menghindari polusi udara, serta mengonsumsi diet tinggi sayur dan buah. Penyuluhan kesehatan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan dampak kanker paru, serta memahami dan menerapkan upaya pencegahannya.Suatu penyuluhan kesehatan dilakukan kepada kader kesehatan di Kelurahan Tomang Jakarta Barat secara daring menggunakan aplikasi Zoom pada tanggal 18 September 2021. Sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan dilakukan pengisian kuesioner untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan peserta terhadap topik penyuluhan. Analisa statistik uji T berpasangan digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan. Pada 38 responden, didapatkan rata-rata skor pre-test dan post-test berturut-turut adalah 73.03 (SD 9.58) dan 74.78 (SD 9.59), dengan nilai p 0.324. Perubahan sikap menjadi menasehati dan memotivasi perokok untuk berhenti merokok meningkat setelah dilakukan penyuluhan, sebesar 81,6% dan 63,2%, dengan nilai p 0.881 dan 0.179. Penyuluhan kesehatan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap pencegahan kanker paru-paru, meskipun secara statistik tidak signifikan.
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References
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