KORELASI KADAR ASAM URAT DAN KOLESTEROL DENGAN PENURUNAN FUNGSI GINJAL: KAJIAN EPIDEMIOLOGIS DI EMPAT KELURAHAN JAKARTA
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Abstract
Latar Belakang: Fungsi ginjal yang diukur dengan Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus (LFG) sangat penting untuk homeostasis tubuh. Penurunan LFG di bawah 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 selama lebih dari 3 bulan menunjukkan Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK). Asam urat tinggi (hiperurisemia) dan dislipidemia sering dikaitkan dengan penurunan fungsi ginjal, namun peran kausalnya masih diperdebatkan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki hubungan antara kadar asam urat dan kolesterol total dengan fungsi ginjal pada populasi dewasa di Jakarta, dengan mempertimbangkan usia sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini melibatkan 297 responden dewasa berusia ≥18 tahun dari empat kelurahan di Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara non-random consecutive sampling. Data meliputi kadar asam urat, kolesterol total, dan kreatinin, dengan LFG diestimasi menggunakan rumus Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD). Hasil: Rerata usia responden adalah 46,45 tahun, dengan 75,1% perempuan. Rerata kadar asam urat, kolesterol total, kreatinin, dan LFG berturut-turut adalah 4,00 mg/dL, 195,61 mg/dL, 0,90 mg/dL, dan 88.59 mL/min/1.73 m2. Usia menunjukkan korelasi negatif signifikan dengan LFG (r=−0,427; p<0,01). Asam urat berkorelasi positif signifikan dengan kreatinin (r=0,273; p<0,01) dan negatif signifikan dengan LFG (r=−0,119; p<0,05). Kolesterol total tidak berkorelasi signifikan dengan kreatinin (r=−0,014; p=0,807) tetapi berkorelasi negatif signifikan dengan LFG (r=−0,149; p<0,01). Setelah mengontrol usia, korelasi asam urat dengan LFG menjadi tidak signifikan (r=−0,105; p=0,071), namun hubungannya dengan kreatinin tetap signifikan (r=0,271; p<0,01). Kesimpulan: Kolesterol total tidak menunjukkan korelasi signifikan dengan kreatinin maupun LFG setelah kontrol usia. Kadar asam urat dan kolesterol total berhubungan dengan penurunan fungsi ginjal, namun hubungan ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor usia. Asam urat menunjukkan hubungan yang lebih konsisten dengan kreatinin dan lebih independen dari usia dibandingkan kolesterol.
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