GAMBARAN PREEKLAMSIA DAN EKLAMSIA DITINJAU DARI FAKTOR RISIKO DI RSUD CIAWI
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Abstract
Latar belakang. Hipertensi pada kehamilan terjadi sekitar 10% ibu hamil di dunia. Kelompok hipertensi pada ibu hamil dapat dibagi menjadi tiga diantaranya; preeklamsia dan eklamsia, hipertensi gestasional, dan hipertensi kronik. Preeklamsia dan eklamsia merupakan salah satu kondisi yang paling serius karena dampak yang besar terhadap ibu dan bayi. Faktor risiko yang berperan dalam terjadinya preeklamsia dan eklamsia antara lain usia ibu, jumlah kehamilan, riwayat preeklamsia, riwayat hipertensi kronik, diabetes, riwayat keluarga, dan obesitas. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi serta gambaran faktor risiko preeklamsia dan eklamsia di RSUD Ciawi, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Metode. Dilakukan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder yaitu rekam medis medis pasien preeklamsia dan eklamsia pada periode 1 Januari 2020 – 31 Desember 2021 di RSUD Ciawi. Hasil. Didapatkan jumlah pasien preeklamsia berjumlah 349 orang dan eklamsia berjumlah 25 orang. Jumlah kasus preeklamsia terbanyak didapatkan pada ibu berusia 35-40 tahun (32,4%), multigravida (75,9%) dan gizi lebih (38.2%). Mayoritas kasus preeklamsia tanpa faktor risiko. Sementara itu jumlah kasus eklamsia terbanyak didapatkan pada ibu berusia <25 tahun (2,1%), multigravida (16%) dan status gizi lebih (3,5%). Mayoritas kasus eklamsia tanpa faktor risiko. Kesimpulan Prevalensi ibu yang mengalami preeklamsia adalah 349 orang dan eklamsia 25 orang. Gambaran faktor risiko pada ibu dengan preeklamsia tertinggi terjadi di usia ibu 35-40 tahun, multigravida, dan gizi lebih. Sedangkan pada eklamsia tertinggi terjadi di usia ibu <25 tahun, multigravida, dan gizi lebih. Mayoritas kasus preeklamsia dan eklamsia tanpa faktor risiko. Penelitian ini menyarankan dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut, dengan menilai faktor resiko sosioekonomi, riwayat komplikasi kehamilan pada preeklamsia.
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